#1
Which of the following is an example of a personal value?
Integrity
ExplanationPersonal values encompass principles such as integrity, representing deeply held beliefs.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a component of organizational commitment according to the Three-Component Model?
Transactional commitment
ExplanationTransactional commitment is not a component in the Three-Component Model of organizational commitment.
#3
What is the primary focus of the Values-Based Leadership approach in organizations?
Aligning leadership decisions with personal values
ExplanationThe Values-Based Leadership approach focuses on aligning leadership decisions with personal values within organizations.
#4
In the context of organizational values, what does the term 'diversity and inclusion' refer to?
Embracing differences and fostering a welcoming environment
ExplanationDiversity and inclusion in organizational values refer to embracing differences and fostering a welcoming environment.
#5
What does the term 'organizational citizenship behavior' (OCB) refer to in the workplace?
Employee actions that go beyond formal job requirements to contribute positively to the organization
ExplanationOrganizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to employee actions that go beyond formal job requirements to contribute positively to the organization in the workplace.
#6
How do personal values contribute to organizational commitment?
They align personal and organizational goals
ExplanationPersonal values fostering alignment with organizational goals enhance commitment.
#7
What is the term for the process of adapting one's values to align with the organization's values?
Value congruence
ExplanationAligning personal and organizational values is termed value congruence.
#8
What role do personal values play in ethical decision-making within organizations?
They may conflict with ethical principles
ExplanationPersonal values may present conflicts with ethical principles in the decision-making process within organizations.
#9
Which leadership style is characterized by a leader who consults with employees before making decisions but retains the final decision-making authority?
Democratic leadership
ExplanationDemocratic leadership involves consulting with employees but retaining final decision-making authority.
#10
Which organizational commitment component reflects an individual's perception of the costs associated with leaving the organization?
Continuance commitment
ExplanationContinuance commitment in organizational commitment reflects an individual's perception of the costs associated with leaving the organization.
#11
Which theory suggests that individuals assess the fairness of their outcomes in comparison to others' outcomes in the workplace?
Equity Theory
ExplanationEquity Theory posits individuals assess fairness by comparing outcomes in the workplace.
#12
In the context of organizational commitment, what does the term 'affective commitment' refer to?
Emotional attachment and identification with the organization
ExplanationAffective commitment in organizational commitment pertains to emotional attachment and identification with the organization.
#13
In the context of organizational involvement, what does the term 'employee engagement' refer to?
The emotional commitment an employee has towards the organization
ExplanationEmployee engagement in organizational involvement relates to the emotional commitment an employee has towards the organization.
#14
According to the Social Identity Theory, what is the role of group membership in shaping individual behavior within an organization?
It leads to conformity with organizational values
ExplanationGroup membership, according to Social Identity Theory, leads to conformity with organizational values in shaping individual behavior within an organization.
#15
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which factors are considered hygiene factors that can lead to dissatisfaction if lacking?
Salary and working conditions
ExplanationIn Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, salary and working conditions are considered hygiene factors that can lead to dissatisfaction if lacking.