#1
Which of the following is NOT a method of microbial control?
Antibiotics
Pasteurization
Filtration
Probiotics
#2
What is the purpose of autoclaving in microbial control?
Denature proteins
Kill microorganisms using high pressure and steam
Filter out microbes
Inactivate enzymes
#3
Which of the following is an example of a physical method of microbial control?
Ethanol disinfection
Gamma irradiation
Phenol treatment
Quaternary ammonium compounds
#4
What is the primary target of antiseptics in microbial control?
Cell wall
Nucleic acids
Enzymes
Cell membrane
#5
Which of the following is an example of a gram-positive bacterium?
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella enterica
#6
What is the primary purpose of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method?
Determine microbial susceptibility to antibiotics
Count microbial colonies on a petri dish
Identify microbial species
Measure microbial growth rate
#7
Which microbial structure plays a crucial role in antibiotic resistance?
Plasmid
Capsule
Flagellum
Endospore
#8
Which type of disinfectant is suitable for use on living tissues?
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Chlorine bleach
Phenolic compounds
Alcohols
#9
What is the primary function of bacteriophages in microbial control?
Destroy bacterial biofilms
Facilitate horizontal gene transfer
Inhibit viral infections
Promote antibiotic resistance
#10
What is the primary purpose of using antibiotics in microbial control?
Promote microbial growth
Prevent biofilm formation
Inhibit or kill microorganisms
Stimulate host immune responses
#11
What is the purpose of UV light in microbial control?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Destroy nucleic acids
Inactivate enzymes
Denature proteins
#12
In microbial susceptibility testing, what does the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) represent?
The highest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits microbial growth
The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits microbial growth
The time it takes for an antimicrobial to kill microorganisms
The range of temperatures at which microorganisms can grow
#13
Which factor can influence microbial susceptibility to antibiotics?
The age of the microorganism
The pH of the environment
The size of the microbial colony
The presence of plasmids
#14
What is the mechanism of action of ethylene oxide in microbial control?
Inhibit protein synthesis
Interfere with cell wall synthesis
Alkylate nucleic acids
Damage cell membranes
#15
What is the purpose of the zone of inhibition in the Kirby-Bauer test?
Measure microbial growth rate
Determine microbial susceptibility to antibiotics
Identify bacterial species
Count microbial colonies