#1
Which of the following is NOT a method of microbial control?
Probiotics
ExplanationProbiotics are actually beneficial microorganisms, not a method of control.
#2
What is the purpose of autoclaving in microbial control?
Kill microorganisms using high pressure and steam
ExplanationAutoclaving utilizes high pressure and steam to effectively sterilize equipment and materials.
#3
Which of the following is an example of a physical method of microbial control?
Gamma irradiation
ExplanationGamma irradiation physically damages microorganisms, rendering them inactive.
#4
What is the primary target of antiseptics in microbial control?
Cell membrane
ExplanationAntiseptics often disrupt the integrity of microbial cell membranes.
#5
Which of the following is an example of a gram-positive bacterium?
Staphylococcus aureus
ExplanationStaphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium often associated with infections.
#6
What is the primary purpose of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method?
Determine microbial susceptibility to antibiotics
ExplanationThis method helps in assessing how susceptible microorganisms are to antibiotics.
#7
Which microbial structure plays a crucial role in antibiotic resistance?
Plasmid
ExplanationPlasmids often carry genes for antibiotic resistance.
#8
Which type of disinfectant is suitable for use on living tissues?
Alcohols
ExplanationAlcohols are safe for use on living tissues as disinfectants.
#9
What is the primary function of bacteriophages in microbial control?
Facilitate horizontal gene transfer
ExplanationBacteriophages can transfer genetic material, potentially conferring resistance.
#10
What is the primary purpose of using antibiotics in microbial control?
Inhibit or kill microorganisms
ExplanationAntibiotics are used to target and eliminate harmful microorganisms.
#11
What is the purpose of UV light in microbial control?
Destroy nucleic acids
ExplanationUV light damages the DNA or RNA of microorganisms, preventing replication.
#12
In microbial susceptibility testing, what does the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) represent?
The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits microbial growth
ExplanationMIC indicates the lowest amount of a drug needed to inhibit microbial growth.
#13
Which factor can influence microbial susceptibility to antibiotics?
The pH of the environment
ExplanationpH levels can affect the efficacy of antibiotics against microorganisms.
#14
What is the mechanism of action of ethylene oxide in microbial control?
Alkylate nucleic acids
ExplanationEthylene oxide reacts with and modifies nucleic acids, hindering microbial growth.
#15
What is the purpose of the zone of inhibition in the Kirby-Bauer test?
Determine microbial susceptibility to antibiotics
ExplanationIt indicates how effective an antibiotic is against a particular microorganism.