#1
Which of the following is a method for sterilization?
Pasteurization
Filtration
Handwashing
Chemical disinfection
#2
What is the term for the smallest infectious agents that rely on host cells to reproduce?
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
#3
Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium?
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pyogenes
Salmonella enterica
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
#4
Which of the following is an example of an opportunistic pathogen?
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Candida albicans
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
#5
What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in molecular biology?
Amplifying DNA segments
Isolating proteins
Measuring RNA concentration
Studying cell structure
#6
What is the primary function of the immune system?
Digestion
Transportation
Protection against pathogens
Respiration
#7
Which microorganism is responsible for tuberculosis?
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Salmonella typhi
#8
Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Strep throat
Urinary tract infection
#9
What is the purpose of a streak plate in microbiology?
To count bacterial colonies
To isolate individual colonies
To determine antibiotic resistance
To measure pH
#10
What is the function of lysozyme in the human body?
Digestion of carbohydrates
Breaking down bacterial cell walls
Transporting oxygen in the blood
Regulating body temperature
#11
Which of the following is a common method for detecting bacterial growth in a culture?
ELISA
Western blotting
Hemagglutination
Turbidity measurement
#12
What is the purpose of an autoclave in microbiology?
To culture bacteria
To measure temperature
To sterilize equipment with steam
To perform PCR
#13
Which of the following is an example of a nosocomial infection?
Common cold
Influenza
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Food poisoning
#14
Which of the following is NOT a method of direct transmission of infectious agents?
Contact transmission
Droplet transmission
Airborne transmission
Vehicle-borne transmission
#15
What is the primary purpose of the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)?
Conducting research on space exploration
Promoting public health and safety
Regulating the financial industry
Providing legal advice to the government
#16
What is the primary target of antiviral medications?
Bacterial cell walls
Fungal membranes
Viral replication processes
Host cell DNA
#17
In microbiology, what does the term 'aseptic technique' refer to?
Sterilizing surgical instruments
Preventing contamination during experiments
Culturing bacteria in a Petri dish
Identifying pathogens in clinical samples