#1
Which of the following is a self-report method in behavioral measurement?
Observation
Interviews
Physiological measures
Experimental manipulation
#2
Which statistical measure is used to determine the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables?
Mean
Standard deviation
Correlation coefficient
ANOVA
#3
What is the purpose of a Likert scale in survey research?
To measure physiological responses
To assess inter-rater reliability
To measure attitudes or opinions
To randomize participants
#4
What does the term 'reliability' refer to in the context of behavioral measurement?
Consistency and stability of measurement
Accuracy of measurement
Generalizability of results
Validity of the instrument
#5
Which of the following is an example of an interval scale of measurement?
Nominal scale
Ordinal scale
Ratio scale
Likert scale
#6
In behavioral measurement, what does inter-rater reliability assess?
Consistency between different observers
Consistency of the same observer over time
Accuracy of the measurement instrument
Variability within the sample
#7
Which of the following is an example of a nonreactive measure in behavioral research?
Questionnaire
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Structured observation
Social desirability scale
#8
Which type of validity examines whether the results of a study can be generalized to other populations, settings, or times?
Internal validity
External validity
Construct validity
Content validity
#9
Which of the following is an example of an operational definition in behavioral research?
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
Theory of mind
Happiness
Number of words recalled in a memory test
#10
Which type of sampling involves selecting participants based on their availability and willingness to participate?
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
#11
In behavioral research, what does the term 'confounding variable' refer to?
The variable being manipulated by the researcher
A variable that systematically varies with the independent variable
The dependent variable
A variable with no impact on the study
#12
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure external validity
To control for confounding variables
To enhance ecological validity
To select a representative sample
#13
In psychophysiological measurement, what does skin conductance measure?
Heart rate
Electrical conductivity of the skin
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate
#14
What is the purpose of a double-blind experimental design?
To control for experimenter bias
To control for participant bias
To enhance external validity
To increase statistical power
#15
Which of the following is a disadvantage of self-report measures in behavioral research?
High cost
Social desirability bias
Objective and reliable
Low response rate
#16
What is the purpose of a pilot study in experimental research?
To test the statistical analysis plan
To assess the feasibility of the study
To obtain funding for the main study
To recruit a large sample
#17
What is the purpose of a placebo in experimental research?
To manipulate the independent variable
To control for participant expectations
To establish internal validity
To enhance external validity