#1
Which of the following is considered a protected characteristic under anti-discrimination laws?
Hairstyle
Political affiliation
Tattoos
Favorite color
#2
In the context of employment discrimination, what is disparate impact?
Intentional discrimination based on protected characteristics
Unequal treatment that disproportionately affects a particular group
Unintentional discrimination resulting from neutral policies
Discrimination based on personal preferences
#3
Which U.S. federal law prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin?
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Equal Pay Act (EPA)
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
#4
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), what is a reasonable accommodation?
An undue burden on the employer
Any adjustment that allows a qualified individual with a disability to perform essential job functions
An optional benefit provided by employers
A form of preferential treatment for disabled employees
#5
What is the purpose of affirmative action in the context of employment?
To promote reverse discrimination
To ensure equal opportunities for underrepresented groups
To eliminate all forms of workplace discrimination
To establish preferential treatment for majority groups
#6
What is the concept of 'affirmative action' intended to address?
Promoting preferential treatment for certain groups
Mitigating the impact of discrimination on disadvantaged groups
Eliminating all forms of workplace discrimination
Ensuring equal opportunities for majority groups
#7
Under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), at what age are individuals protected from age-based discrimination?
40 and older
50 and older
30 and older
60 and older
#8
What is the 'bona fide occupational qualification' (BFOQ) exception in employment discrimination law?
A defense allowing discrimination based on personal preferences
A defense allowing discrimination based on job requirements
A defense allowing discrimination based on religious beliefs
A defense allowing discrimination based on political affiliations
#9
In the context of gender discrimination, what does the term 'quid pro quo' refer to?
Equal pay for equal work
Hostile work environment
Something given or received in exchange for something else
Discrimination based on physical appearance
#10
What is the legal standard for determining disparate impact in employment discrimination cases?
Strict scrutiny
Business necessity
Preponderance of evidence
Reasonable accommodation
#11
Which legal standard is applied in cases of gender-based discrimination under the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution?
Strict scrutiny
Intermediate scrutiny
Rational basis
Reasonable accommodation
#12
In the context of housing discrimination, what is redlining?
A practice of marking certain neighborhoods as high-risk for loans based on race or ethnicity
A form of reverse discrimination
A strategy for promoting diversity in communities
A legal defense against housing discrimination claims
#13
Which international convention addresses discrimination against women and promotes gender equality?
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights