#1
In the 19th century, what influential prison reformer advocated for rehabilitation rather than punishment in criminal justice?
#2
What 20th-century legal scholar is known for his work on the 'due process' model of criminal justice and the 'iron triangle'?
#3
During the Middle Ages, what was the term for a formal accusation or charge of a serious crime, often accompanied by a trial by ordeal?
#4
In ancient China, what was the legal concept that emphasized the moral character of rulers and its impact on the behavior of citizens?
#5
What influential legal document, signed in 1215, is often considered a precursor to constitutional law and limited the power of the monarchy?
#6
In which ancient civilization was the concept of 'eye for an eye' first codified in a legal system?
#7
Who is often considered the father of criminology and wrote 'On Crimes and Punishments' in 1764?
#8
Which ancient legal code, dating back to around 1754 BCE, is one of the earliest examples of a written set of laws?
#9
Which Enlightenment philosopher argued for the separation of powers within a government, influencing modern constitutional law?
#10
Who is credited with establishing the first modern police force in London in 1829, known as the 'Bobbies'?
#11
During the medieval period, what was the primary method of trial by ordeal involving hot iron or boiling water?
#12
Which English philosopher introduced the idea of a social contract in the context of criminal justice?
#13
Who was the Italian criminologist known for his work on the 'born criminal' theory and positivist criminology?
#14
During the Salem witch trials in the late 17th century, what type of evidence was often used to determine guilt or innocence?
#15