#1
Which of the following is NOT considered a social determinant of health?
Income
Education
Genetics
Occupation
#2
What is the primary focus of health policy?
Individual health outcomes
Healthcare provider satisfaction
Healthcare costs reduction
Population health improvement
#3
Which of the following is an example of a modifiable health determinant?
Genetic predisposition to certain diseases
Income level
Access to healthcare services
Smoking behavior
#4
Which level of government is typically responsible for implementing public health policies?
International organizations
Federal government
Local government
Private corporations
#5
Which of the following is an example of a downstream determinant of health?
Access to education
Neighborhood safety
Tobacco use
Public transportation availability
#6
Which of the following factors is considered a social determinant of health?
Physical environment
Access to healthcare
Individual genetics
Personal health behaviors
#7
Which of the following is an example of a structural determinant of health?
Social support networks
Income inequality
Education level
Access to healthcare services
#8
What is the role of public policy in addressing health disparities?
To maintain status quo
To exacerbate disparities
To mitigate disparities
To ignore disparities
#9
Which of the following best describes the 'inverse care law'?
Access to care is inversely proportional to healthcare costs
Healthcare quality is inversely related to healthcare expenditure
The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served
The allocation of healthcare resources is inversely related to population density
#10
What is a 'health disparity'?
Differences in health outcomes between individuals due to genetic factors
Systematic, avoidable differences in health outcomes between groups of people
Healthcare inequalities between urban and rural areas
Variations in healthcare utilization among different age groups
#11
Which of the following is NOT a core principle of the World Health Organization (WHO)?
Health as a human right
Equity in health
Universal coverage
Profit-driven healthcare
#12
What is the 'social gradient in health'?
A curve representing the relationship between income and health outcomes
A concept describing how social hierarchies affect health
A statistical measure of health disparities between different age groups
A term used to describe the impact of social media on health behaviors
#13
Which of the following frameworks is commonly used to analyze health policy?
Economic framework
Political framework
Social-ecological framework
Legal framework
#14
What is the purpose of a health impact assessment (HIA)?
To evaluate the economic viability of healthcare projects
To assess the potential effects of a policy, plan, program, or project on the health of a population
To determine the effectiveness of medical treatments
To analyze the genetic impact of environmental factors on health
#15
Which of the following is an example of a macro-level determinant of health?
Social support networks
Individual health behaviors
Community healthcare resources
National healthcare policies
#16
What is the 'precautionary principle' in public health policy?
A principle stating that public health interventions should only be implemented if their benefits clearly outweigh their risks
A principle advocating for proactive measures to prevent harm to public health, even in the absence of scientific certainty
A principle emphasizing the importance of individual responsibility for health outcomes
A principle asserting that public health policies should prioritize economic considerations over health concerns
#17
What is the role of epidemiology in health policy?
To develop medical treatments for diseases
To study the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in populations
To provide healthcare services to underserved populations
To regulate healthcare facilities