#1
Which of the following is NOT considered a social determinant of health?
Genetics
ExplanationGenetics are biological, not social, factors affecting health.
#2
What is the primary focus of health policy?
Population health improvement
ExplanationHealth policy aims at improving the overall health of a population.
#3
Which of the following is an example of a modifiable health determinant?
Smoking behavior
ExplanationModifiable determinants can be altered to improve health, like smoking behavior.
#4
Which level of government is typically responsible for implementing public health policies?
Local government
ExplanationLocal governments often handle the implementation of public health policies.
#5
Which of the following is an example of a downstream determinant of health?
Tobacco use
ExplanationDownstream determinants involve individual behaviors impacting health, like tobacco use.
#6
Which of the following factors is considered a social determinant of health?
Physical environment
ExplanationThe physical environment, including housing and pollution, significantly influences health.
#7
Which of the following is an example of a structural determinant of health?
Income inequality
ExplanationStructural determinants are societal factors influencing health, like income inequality.
#8
What is the role of public policy in addressing health disparities?
To mitigate disparities
ExplanationPublic policy aims to reduce differences in health outcomes among different groups.
#9
Which of the following best describes the 'inverse care law'?
The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served
ExplanationThis law states that those most in need of medical care often have the least access to it.
#10
What is a 'health disparity'?
Systematic, avoidable differences in health outcomes between groups of people
ExplanationHealth disparities are inequitable differences in health outcomes among various groups.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a core principle of the World Health Organization (WHO)?
Profit-driven healthcare
ExplanationWHO focuses on principles like universal access, equity, and primary healthcare, not profit-driven motives.
#12
What is the 'social gradient in health'?
A concept describing how social hierarchies affect health
ExplanationIt illustrates how health varies with social standing, with those higher having better health.
#13
Which of the following frameworks is commonly used to analyze health policy?
Social-ecological framework
ExplanationThis framework examines how individual, social, and environmental factors influence health.
#14
What is the purpose of a health impact assessment (HIA)?
To assess the potential effects of a policy, plan, program, or project on the health of a population
ExplanationHIA evaluates how various initiatives may impact the health of a community.
#15
Which of the following is an example of a macro-level determinant of health?
National healthcare policies
ExplanationMacro-level determinants encompass broad factors like national healthcare policies.
#16
What is the 'precautionary principle' in public health policy?
A principle advocating for proactive measures to prevent harm to public health, even in the absence of scientific certainty
ExplanationIt suggests taking preventive action in the face of uncertain risks to public health.
#17
What is the role of epidemiology in health policy?
To study the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in populations
ExplanationEpidemiology investigates patterns of health and illness to inform health policy decisions.