#1
Which of the following is NOT a social determinant of health?
Education level
Access to healthcare
Genetics
Socioeconomic status
#2
Which of the following is an example of a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases?
#3
Which of the following is a key component of the 'socioeconomic status' (SES) of an individual?
Ethnicity
Access to healthcare
Genetic predisposition
Income level
#4
Which of the following factors contributes to health disparities among different population groups?
Access to healthcare services
Income level
Genetic makeup
All of the above
#5
What term describes the phenomenon where individuals with higher levels of education tend to have better health outcomes?
Education gradient
Health literacy
Social gradient
Education paradox
#6
Which of the following best describes the 'built environment'?
The sum of all external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism
The physical environment created by human activity, including buildings, roads, parks, and transportation systems
The interaction of genes with environmental factors
The social, cultural, and economic conditions in which people are born, grow, and live
#7
Which of these factors is considered a biological determinant of health?
Social support networks
Access to quality education
Genetic makeup
Income level
#8
What term is used to describe the unequal distribution of resources, goods, and services?
Health disparity
Health equity
Health inequality
Healthcare access
#9
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of 'health literacy'?
The ability to read and understand medical textbooks
The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
The ability to navigate the healthcare system
The ability to diagnose medical conditions accurately
#10
What term is used to describe the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population over a specific period of time?
Prevalence
Incidence
Morbidity
Mortality
#11
Which of the following best defines the term 'epidemiology'?
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations
The study of infectious diseases only
The treatment of epidemics
The study of genetic diseases
#12
Which theory suggests that health behaviors are influenced by the social environment and social networks?
Biopsychosocial model
Socio-ecological model
Health belief model
Social cognitive theory
#13
Which of the following factors is NOT typically included in the social determinants of health?
Education level
Geographic location
Physical environment
Access to healthcare
#14
Which model of health behavior change emphasizes the role of individual beliefs and perceptions in determining health-related behaviors?
Social cognitive theory
Health belief model
Theory of planned behavior
Stages of change model
#15
Which of the following is a key principle of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
Preventive healthcare should be universally accessible
Health promotion requires community participation
Healthcare services should be privatized
Health disparities are inevitable
#16
Which model of health behavior change emphasizes the role of self-efficacy and outcome expectations?
Social cognitive theory
Health belief model
Theory of planned behavior
Stages of change model