#1
Which of the following is NOT a social determinant of health?
Genetics
ExplanationInfluence of individual hereditary factors, not societal factors.
#2
Which of the following is an example of a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases?
Smoking
ExplanationBehavioral factor that can be altered to mitigate health risks.
#3
Which of the following is a key component of the 'socioeconomic status' (SES) of an individual?
Income level
ExplanationFinancial standing as a determinant of health.
#4
Which of the following factors contributes to health disparities among different population groups?
All of the above
ExplanationMultiple factors influencing differential health outcomes.
#5
What term describes the phenomenon where individuals with higher levels of education tend to have better health outcomes?
Education gradient
ExplanationHealth disparities linked to educational attainment.
#6
Which of the following best describes the 'built environment'?
The physical environment created by human activity, including buildings, roads, parks, and transportation systems
ExplanationHuman-made surroundings encompassing infrastructure and spaces.
#7
Which of these factors is considered a biological determinant of health?
Genetic makeup
ExplanationInfluence of genetic composition on health status.
#8
What term is used to describe the unequal distribution of resources, goods, and services?
Health inequality
ExplanationDisparities in access to healthcare and related resources.
#9
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of 'health literacy'?
The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
ExplanationAbility to access and comprehend health-related information.
#10
What term is used to describe the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population over a specific period of time?
Incidence
ExplanationRate of occurrence of new instances of a condition.
#11
Which of the following best defines the term 'epidemiology'?
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations
ExplanationInvestigation of health patterns and influences in populations.
#12
Which theory suggests that health behaviors are influenced by the social environment and social networks?
Socio-ecological model
ExplanationInterplay of individual, interpersonal, and societal factors in health.
#13
Which of the following factors is NOT typically included in the social determinants of health?
Physical environment
ExplanationPhysical conditions often not directly linked to social factors.
#14
Which model of health behavior change emphasizes the role of individual beliefs and perceptions in determining health-related behaviors?
Health belief model
ExplanationIndividual perspectives shaping health actions.
#15
Which of the following is a key principle of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
Health promotion requires community participation
ExplanationInvolvement of communities in health initiatives.
#16
Which model of health behavior change emphasizes the role of self-efficacy and outcome expectations?
Social cognitive theory
ExplanationBeliefs and expectations influencing health-related actions.