#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of the epidemiological transition?
Shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases
Increase in the incidence of infectious diseases
Decrease in life expectancy
Decrease in population growth rate
#2
What does epidemiological transition refer to?
Shift in the distribution and patterns of diseases within a population
Transition of viruses from animals to humans
Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
Change in the geographical distribution of diseases
#3
What is a zoonotic disease?
A disease caused by a virus
A disease transmitted from animals to humans
A chronic disease
A disease spread through contaminated water
#4
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to changes in disease patterns?
Urbanization
Globalization
Climate change
Static population growth
#5
What is the primary reason for the decrease in infectious diseases during the epidemiological transition?
Widespread vaccination programs
Improved sanitation and hygiene practices
Increased availability of antibiotics
Genetic mutation of pathogens
#6
Which stage of epidemiological transition is characterized by a decrease in infectious diseases and an increase in chronic diseases?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
#7
What factor is primarily responsible for the epidemiological transition?
Advancements in medical technology
Improvements in sanitation and hygiene
Changes in lifestyle and diet
Climate change
#8
What is demographic transition?
Transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
Transition from rural to urban living
Transition from infectious diseases to chronic diseases
Transition from one demographic group to another
#9
What is the main difference between endemic and epidemic diseases?
Endemic diseases occur seasonally, while epidemic diseases occur randomly.
Endemic diseases affect a large geographical area, while epidemic diseases affect a small area.
Endemic diseases are constantly present in a population, while epidemic diseases occur suddenly and affect many people.
Endemic diseases are caused by bacteria, while epidemic diseases are caused by viruses.
#10
What is the term for the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations?
Epidemiology
Pathology
Oncology
Pharmacology
#11
In which stage of epidemiological transition do infectious diseases predominate, and life expectancy is relatively low?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
#12
Which stage of demographic transition is characterized by high birth rates and fluctuating death rates?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
#13
During which stage of epidemiological transition do countries experience rapid population growth due to declining death rates but high birth rates?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
#14
In which stage of epidemiological transition do both infectious and chronic diseases coexist?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
#15
What role does herd immunity play in controlling infectious diseases?
It protects individuals who are not vaccinated
It decreases the transmission of diseases within a population
It increases the severity of disease outbreaks
It prevents the emergence of new pathogens