#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of the epidemiological transition?
Shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases
ExplanationTransition from infectious to chronic diseases.
#2
What does epidemiological transition refer to?
Shift in the distribution and patterns of diseases within a population
ExplanationChange in disease patterns within a population.
#3
What is a zoonotic disease?
A disease transmitted from animals to humans
ExplanationDisease transmitted from animals to humans.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to changes in disease patterns?
Static population growth
ExplanationStatic population growth doesn't affect disease patterns.
#5
What is the primary reason for the decrease in infectious diseases during the epidemiological transition?
Improved sanitation and hygiene practices
ExplanationDecrease due to better sanitation and hygiene.
#6
Which stage of epidemiological transition is characterized by a decrease in infectious diseases and an increase in chronic diseases?
Stage 3
ExplanationStage marked by decreased infectious, increased chronic diseases.
#7
What factor is primarily responsible for the epidemiological transition?
Improvements in sanitation and hygiene
ExplanationBetter sanitation and hygiene drive transition.
#8
What is demographic transition?
Transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
ExplanationShift from high to low birth and death rates.
#9
What is the main difference between endemic and epidemic diseases?
Endemic diseases are constantly present in a population, while epidemic diseases occur suddenly and affect many people.
ExplanationEndemic diseases persistent; epidemic diseases sudden, widespread.
#10
What is the term for the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations?
Epidemiology
ExplanationStudy of health distribution in populations.
#11
In which stage of epidemiological transition do infectious diseases predominate, and life expectancy is relatively low?
Stage 1
ExplanationInfectious diseases dominate in Stage 1.
#12
Which stage of demographic transition is characterized by high birth rates and fluctuating death rates?
Stage 2
ExplanationHigh birth rates, fluctuating death rates in Stage 2.
#13
During which stage of epidemiological transition do countries experience rapid population growth due to declining death rates but high birth rates?
Stage 2
ExplanationRapid population growth in Stage 2 due to low death rates, high birth rates.
#14
In which stage of epidemiological transition do both infectious and chronic diseases coexist?
Stage 3
ExplanationBoth types of diseases coexist in Stage 3.
#15
What role does herd immunity play in controlling infectious diseases?
It decreases the transmission of diseases within a population
ExplanationHerd immunity reduces disease transmission in populations.