#1
Who proposed the Ecological Systems Theory of Development?
Jean Piaget
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
#2
According to Ecological Systems Theory, which of the following is NOT a system within the microsystem?
School
Family
Peer group
Society
#3
Which of the following is an example of a microsystem in Ecological Systems Theory?
Mass media
Extended family
Government policies
Religious institutions
#4
Which system in Ecological Systems Theory involves social structures that the individual may not directly participate in, such as the parents' workplace?
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
#5
According to Ecological Systems Theory, which system involves cultural values, laws, customs, and resources?
Microsystem
Exosystem
Mesosystem
Macrosystem
#6
Which of the following is an example of the chronosystem in Ecological Systems Theory?
Peer group
Family
Historical events
School
#7
In Ecological Systems Theory, what term is used to describe the physical and social settings in which an individual participates?
Exosystem
Mesosystem
Chronosystem
Microsystem
#8
Which level of the environment in Ecological Systems Theory involves societal norms, values, and resources?
Microsystem
Exosystem
Mesosystem
Macrosystem
#9
What is the primary focus of the mesosystem in Ecological Systems Theory?
Interactions between different microsystems
Individual's immediate environment
Cultural values and societal norms
Genetic influences on development
#10
According to Bronfenbrenner, which system has the most significant influence on an individual's development?
Exosystem
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Chronosystem
#11
In Ecological Systems Theory, what does the term 'macrosystem' refer to?
Immediate settings where the individual lives
Environmental events and transitions over the lifespan
Cultural values, laws, customs, and resources
Interactions between different microsystems
#12
Which of the following is an example of an exosystem according to Ecological Systems Theory?
Family
School
Workplace
Peer group
#13
What is the primary criticism of Ecological Systems Theory?
It oversimplifies the complexities of human development
It lacks empirical support
It ignores the influence of genetics
It disregards cultural factors
#14
What term does Bronfenbrenner use to describe the interconnections between different systems in Ecological Systems Theory?
Interplay
Interdependence
Integration
Interaction
#15
What is the main emphasis of Ecological Systems Theory in understanding human development?
The influence of individual characteristics
The importance of innate biological factors
The interaction between the individual and the environment
The role of societal expectations
#16
In Ecological Systems Theory, what does the microsystem primarily consist of?
Interactions between different microsystems
Immediate settings where the individual lives
Cultural values and societal norms
Environmental events and transitions
#17
What does Ecological Systems Theory propose about the relationship between individuals and their environment?
Individuals passively receive influences from their environment
Individuals actively shape and are shaped by their environment
Individuals are solely shaped by their genetics
Individuals have no influence on their environment
#18
Which of the following is NOT considered a strength of Ecological Systems Theory?
Emphasizes the importance of multiple environmental influences
Recognizes the role of cultural factors in development
Provides a comprehensive framework for understanding human development
Ignores the influence of genetics
#19
What aspect of development does the chronosystem focus on?
Interactions between different microsystems
Environmental events and transitions over the lifespan
Immediate settings where the individual lives
Individual's perceptions and interpretations
#20
What does the term 'ontogenetic' mean in the context of Ecological Systems Theory?
Developmental changes over time
Interactions within the microsystem
Influences from cultural values
Environmental events and transitions
#21
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'proximal processes' in Ecological Systems Theory?
Influences from societal norms
Interactions between different microsystems
Regular, enduring, and recurrent activities in which individuals engage
Environmental events and transitions over time
#22
What aspect of development does the chronosystem in Ecological Systems Theory emphasize?
Historical changes and life transitions
Immediate settings where the individual lives
Genetic influences on development
Interactions within the microsystem
#23
What does the term 'bi-directional influences' refer to in Ecological Systems Theory?
Influences that only go from the individual to the environment
Influences that go both ways, from the individual to the environment and vice versa
Influences that only go from the environment to the individual
Influences that go from one microsystem to another
#24
According to Ecological Systems Theory, what is the significance of the interactions between different systems?
They have no significant impact on development
They are one-directional
They are bidirectional and influential
They are solely influenced by genetics
#25
What does the term 'bidirectional influences' mean in Ecological Systems Theory?
Influences that only go from the individual to the environment
Influences that go both ways, from the individual to the environment and vice versa
Influences that only go from the environment to the individual
Influences that go from one microsystem to another