#1
Which research method involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference?
Experimental research
Case study
Correlational research
Naturalistic observation
#2
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Mean
Median
Standard deviation
Mode
#3
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others?
Social facilitation
Self-serving bias
Projection
Fundamental attribution error
#4
Which of the following is a key feature of classical conditioning?
Learning through reinforcement
Learning through observation
Association between stimuli
Cognitive restructuring
#5
What is the term for the tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list more easily than those in the middle?
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Serial position effect
Spacing effect
#6
What is the term for the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?
Perception
Sensation
Cognition
Consciousness
#7
Who developed the stages of cognitive development theory?
B.F. Skinner
Jean Piaget
Albert Bandura
Erik Erikson
#8
Which of the following is NOT a type of memory according to Atkinson and Shiffrin's model?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Episodic memory
Long-term memory
#9
What is the primary purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure equal representation of participants
To eliminate bias in group assignment
To increase the likelihood of generalizability
To control for extraneous variables
#10
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using self-report measures in psychological research?
They are time-consuming
They are subject to social desirability bias
They provide objective data
They are difficult to administer
#11
Which of the following brain imaging techniques uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of brain structure and function?
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Computed tomography (CT)
#12
What is the term for the phenomenon where a conditioned response weakens over time in the absence of reinforcement?
Spontaneous recovery
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
#13
In a psychology experiment, what is the purpose of a control group?
To provide a baseline for comparison
To receive the experimental treatment
To ensure the experiment is conducted ethically
To control extraneous variables
#14
What does the term 'confirmation bias' refer to in the context of cognitive psychology?
The tendency to recall the first items in a list
The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirming existing beliefs
The tendency to forget information over time
The tendency to focus on negative events over positive ones
#15
In the context of research ethics, what does the term 'deception' refer to?
Participants are not fully informed about the nature of the study
Participants are coerced into participating
Participants are subjected to physical harm
Participants are not compensated for their time
#16
Which of the following best describes a double-blind experiment?
Neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the control group
The participants are unaware of the purpose of the study
Both the participants and the researchers are unaware of who is in the control group
The researchers are unaware of the participants' characteristics