#1
Which of the following is NOT a key concept in cognitive psychology?
Memory
Behaviorism
Perception
Language
#2
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
Exploring the unconscious mind
Studying observable behaviors
Understanding mental processes
Investigating physiological responses
#3
Which term refers to the mental process of retaining and recalling information over time?
Attention
Perception
Memory
Cognition
#4
Which psychologist proposed the concept of 'cognitive dissonance'?
Albert Bandura
Leon Festinger
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
#5
Which type of memory is often associated with personal experiences and events?
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
Implicit memory
#6
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that there are different types of intelligence?
Howard Gardner
Daniel Kahneman
Carol Dweck
Howard Bloom
#7
Who is considered the father of modern cognitive psychology?
B.F. Skinner
William James
Jean Piaget
Ulric Neisser
#8
Who proposed the stages of cognitive development in children?
Sigmund Freud
Albert Bandura
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
#9
What is the capacity of short-term memory, according to the classic research of George A. Miller?
5-7 items
10-12 items
Unlimited
2-3 items
#10
Which term describes the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?
Attention
Perception
Memory
Cognition
#11
Who introduced the concept of 'schemas' in cognitive psychology?
John Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Jean Piaget
Noam Chomsky
#12
Which research method in cognitive psychology involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation or control?
Experimental study
Case study
Naturalistic observation
Survey research
#13
Who developed the Information Processing Model of memory?
Sigmund Freud
Alan Baddeley
Abraham Maslow
George A. Miller
#14
What does the Stroop effect demonstrate about cognitive processing?
Memory retrieval
Selective attention
Problem-solving
Language comprehension
#15
What does the theory of embodied cognition emphasize?
The importance of language in cognition
The role of the body in shaping thoughts and concepts
The influence of culture on cognitive processes
The impact of genes on cognitive abilities
#16
What is the central executive component in Baddeley's model of working memory responsible for?
Retrieving long-term memories
Controlling attention and coordinating the other subsystems
Processing visual information
Transferring information to sensory memory
#17
What does the theory of 'chunking' suggest?
Grouping individual items into larger units to improve memory
Breaking down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts
Using imagery to enhance memory encoding
Focusing attention on one task to the exclusion of others
#18
Who is known for the theory of 'social learning' and the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
Albert Bandura
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Lev Vygotsky
#19
Which term refers to the tendency to rely on pre-existing beliefs or expectations to make decisions or judgments?
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Anchoring effect
Representativeness heuristic
#20
What does the term 'cognitive load' refer to in cognitive psychology?
The total amount of mental effort being used in working memory
The duration of time information is retained in long-term memory
The ability to focus attention on a specific task
The process of forming associations between stimuli and responses
#21
Which term describes the tendency to recall the first items in a list more effectively than those in the middle?
Serial position effect
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Von Restorff effect
#22
Which area of the brain is primarily associated with language processing?
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
#23
What does the dual-process theory propose about decision-making?
It involves two separate processes: conscious and unconscious
It emphasizes the role of genetics in decision-making
It suggests decision-making is solely based on emotions
It argues that decision-making is always rational
#24
Who proposed the concept of 'functional fixedness' in problem-solving?
Karl Duncker
Jean Piaget
Noam Chomsky
Wolfgang Köhler
#25
Who is known for the concept of 'selective attention' and the 'cocktail party effect'?
Colin Cherry
Donald Broadbent
George Miller
Herbert Simon