#1
Which research method involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference?
Naturalistic observation
ExplanationObserving subjects without interference in their natural environment.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Standard deviation
ExplanationStandard deviation measures variability, not central tendency.
#3
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others?
Projection
ExplanationProjection is attributing one's own thoughts and feelings to others.
#4
Which of the following is a key feature of classical conditioning?
Association between stimuli
ExplanationClassical conditioning involves association between stimuli.
#5
What is the term for the tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list more easily than those in the middle?
Serial position effect
ExplanationSerial position effect is remembering items at the beginning and end of a list more easily.
#6
What is the term for the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?
Perception
ExplanationPerception is the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
#7
Who developed the stages of cognitive development theory?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationJean Piaget developed the stages of cognitive development theory.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a type of memory according to Atkinson and Shiffrin's model?
Episodic memory
ExplanationEpisodic memory is not part of Atkinson and Shiffrin's model of memory.
#9
What is the primary purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To control for extraneous variables
ExplanationRandom assignment helps control for extraneous variables in experimental research.
#10
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using self-report measures in psychological research?
They are subject to social desirability bias
ExplanationSelf-report measures in psychological research are prone to social desirability bias.
#11
Which of the following brain imaging techniques uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of brain structure and function?
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
ExplanationfMRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed brain images.
#12
What is the term for the phenomenon where a conditioned response weakens over time in the absence of reinforcement?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction refers to the weakening of a conditioned response over time.
#13
In a psychology experiment, what is the purpose of a control group?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationThe control group provides a baseline for comparison in a psychology experiment.
#14
What does the term 'confirmation bias' refer to in the context of cognitive psychology?
The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirming existing beliefs
ExplanationConfirmation bias is interpreting new evidence as confirming existing beliefs in cognitive psychology.
#15
In the context of research ethics, what does the term 'deception' refer to?
Participants are not fully informed about the nature of the study
ExplanationDeception refers to participants not being fully informed about the study.
#16
Which of the following best describes a double-blind experiment?
Both the participants and the researchers are unaware of who is in the control group
ExplanationIn a double-blind experiment, both participants and researchers are unaware of the control group.