#1
Which cognitive process involves organizing information into meaningful structures?
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Chunking
#2
Which term refers to the process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory?
Retrieval
Decoding
Encoding
Consolidation
#3
Which term is used to describe the tendency to remember information at the beginning and end of a list better than items in the middle?
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Serial position effect
Spacing effect
#4
In the context of cognitive psychology, what does the term 'schemas' refer to?
Mental frameworks for organizing and interpreting information.
Temporary storage of sensory information.
Execution of motor actions.
Recall of episodic memories.
#5
Which type of memory is responsible for storing information about facts, events, and personal experiences?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Working memory
#6
What is the primary function of working memory?
Long-term storage
Temporary storage and manipulation of information
Retrieval of memories
Encoding of sensory information
#7
Which mental representation involves a direct, one-to-one relationship with the physical object it represents?
Analogical representation
Symbolic representation
Conceptual representation
Sensory representation
#8
What is the main focus of the information processing model of memory?
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
All of the above
#9
Which type of memory has a limited capacity and a brief duration, typically around 20-30 seconds?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Working memory
#10
What is the primary difference between declarative and procedural memory?
Declarative memory involves facts and information, while procedural memory involves skills and actions.
Procedural memory involves facts and information, while declarative memory involves skills and actions.
Declarative and procedural memory are terms used interchangeably.
There is no distinction between declarative and procedural memory.
#11
In the context of problem-solving, what is divergent thinking?
A systematic approach to finding the single correct solution to a problem.
A creative and open-ended approach to generating multiple possible solutions.
A method for organizing information into categories.
A heuristic for quick decision-making.
#12
In the context of problem-solving, what does the term 'algorithm' refer to?
A specific step-by-step procedure for solving a problem
An intuitive and creative approach to problem-solving
A mental shortcut or rule of thumb
A method for organizing information into categories
#13
Which cognitive process involves bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored?
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Consolidation
#14
What is the primary function of the central executive in Baddeley's model of working memory?
Storing long-term memories
Coordinating and managing cognitive resources
Executing motor actions
Processing sensory information
#15
In the context of mental imagery, what is the term for the phenomenon where people are better at recognizing objects from certain viewpoints?
Visual acuity
Mental rotation
Object constancy
Viewpoint dependence
#16
What is the term for the phenomenon where an old memory interferes with the recall of a new memory?
Proactive interference
Retroactive interference
Memory consolidation
Source amnesia
#17
Which type of memory is often considered to have an unlimited capacity and a potentially permanent duration?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Working memory