#1
Which cognitive process involves organizing information into meaningful structures?
Chunking
ExplanationChunking is the process of grouping information into smaller, manageable units to enhance memory and understanding.
#2
Which term refers to the process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory?
Encoding
ExplanationEncoding involves converting sensory information into a format that can be stored in memory for later retrieval.
#3
Which term is used to describe the tendency to remember information at the beginning and end of a list better than items in the middle?
Serial position effect
ExplanationThe serial position effect refers to the tendency to recall items at the beginning and end of a list more effectively than those in the middle.
#4
In the context of cognitive psychology, what does the term 'schemas' refer to?
Mental frameworks for organizing and interpreting information.
ExplanationSchemas are mental frameworks that help organize and interpret information by providing a structured framework for understanding the world.
#5
Which type of memory is responsible for storing information about facts, events, and personal experiences?
Long-term memory
ExplanationLong-term memory is responsible for storing information about facts, events, and personal experiences over an extended period.
#6
What is the primary function of working memory?
Temporary storage and manipulation of information
ExplanationWorking memory serves as a temporary workspace for holding and processing information needed for cognitive tasks.
#7
Which mental representation involves a direct, one-to-one relationship with the physical object it represents?
Analogical representation
ExplanationAnalogical representation is a mental model that closely resembles the physical characteristics of the object it represents.
#8
What is the main focus of the information processing model of memory?
All of the above
ExplanationThe information processing model of memory encompasses encoding, storage, and retrieval processes, highlighting the dynamic nature of memory.
#9
Which type of memory has a limited capacity and a brief duration, typically around 20-30 seconds?
Short-term memory
ExplanationShort-term memory has a limited capacity and holds information for a short duration, typically around 20-30 seconds.
#10
What is the primary difference between declarative and procedural memory?
Declarative memory involves facts and information, while procedural memory involves skills and actions.
ExplanationDeclarative memory stores facts and information, while procedural memory stores skills and actions, highlighting a fundamental distinction in memory function.
#11
In the context of problem-solving, what is divergent thinking?
A creative and open-ended approach to generating multiple possible solutions.
ExplanationDivergent thinking involves the generation of diverse and creative solutions to problems, fostering an open and exploratory mindset.
#12
In the context of problem-solving, what does the term 'algorithm' refer to?
A specific step-by-step procedure for solving a problem
ExplanationAn algorithm is a systematic and precise set of instructions for solving a particular problem or reaching a specific goal.
#13
Which cognitive process involves bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored?
Retrieval
ExplanationRetrieval is the process of accessing and bringing to conscious awareness previously encoded and stored information.
#14
What is the primary function of the central executive in Baddeley's model of working memory?
Coordinating and managing cognitive resources
ExplanationThe central executive in Baddeley's model is responsible for coordinating and managing cognitive resources, directing attention, and overseeing working memory processes.
#15
In the context of mental imagery, what is the term for the phenomenon where people are better at recognizing objects from certain viewpoints?
Viewpoint dependence
ExplanationViewpoint dependence is the tendency to recognize objects more easily from specific viewpoints in mental imagery.
#16
What is the term for the phenomenon where an old memory interferes with the recall of a new memory?
Proactive interference
ExplanationProactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the recall of newly acquired memories.
#17
Which type of memory is often considered to have an unlimited capacity and a potentially permanent duration?
Long-term memory
ExplanationLong-term memory is thought to have a vast capacity and can potentially store information permanently.