#1
Which of the following is an example of a cognitive process?
Walking
Breathing
Problem-solving
Digesting food
#2
What is a mental set?
A predisposition to approach a problem in a particular way
A cognitive disorder
A form of memory recall
An irrational fear of new ideas
#3
Which of the following is a key element of critical thinking?
Relying solely on intuition
Ignoring alternative viewpoints
Being open-minded
Accepting information without questioning
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of the scientific method?
Hypothesis
Theory
Opinion
Experimentation
#5
What is metacognition?
Thinking about thinking
Analyzing sensory input
Storing memories
Controlling motor functions
#6
Which term refers to the mental shortcut that allows people to make judgments and solve problems efficiently?
Heuristic
Algorithm
Prototype
Schema
#7
What is confirmation bias?
A tendency to seek out and favor information that confirms one's existing beliefs
A method of testing hypotheses in psychology experiments
A type of cognitive disorder
An irrational fear of new ideas
#8
In problem-solving, what is divergent thinking?
A process of narrowing down options to find the best solution
A process of generating multiple solutions or ideas
A method of following a strict algorithm
A method of trial and error
#9
What is the term for the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Anchoring bias
#10
In psychology, what does the term 'chunking' refer to?
Breaking down information into smaller units
Grouping information into larger units
Ignoring irrelevant information
Repeating information multiple times
#11
What is the primary goal of critical thinking?
Accepting information without questioning
Evaluating and analyzing information
Ignoring alternative viewpoints
Memorizing facts
#12
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of critical thinking?
Open-mindedness
Relying solely on intuition
Logical reasoning
Evaluating evidence
#13
Which term refers to the mental process of breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts?
Chunking
Encoding
Decomposition
Scaffolding
#14
What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning starts with specific premises to reach a general conclusion, while inductive reasoning starts with observations to form a general principle.
Deductive reasoning starts with general principles to reach specific conclusions, while inductive reasoning starts with specific examples to form general principles.
There is no difference between deductive and inductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning relies on intuition, while inductive reasoning relies on logic.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a stage of problem-solving according to the problem-solving cycle proposed by George A. Kelly?
Recognition
Formulation
Execution
Evaluation
#16
What is the term for the phenomenon where people mistakenly believe that the occurrence of a random event is somehow influenced by preceding events?
Gambler's fallacy
Hindsight bias
Fundamental attribution error
Illusory correlation