#1
Which of the following is NOT a stage in problem-solving?
Understanding the problem
Devising a plan
Evaluating the plan
Implementing the solution
#2
What does the term 'metacognition' refer to?
Thinking about thinking
Thinking quickly
Critical analysis
Logical reasoning
#3
What is the main goal of critical thinking?
To accept all information presented
To blindly follow authority
To evaluate information and make reasoned judgments
To memorize facts without questioning
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of problem-solving?
Perception
Algorithms
Heuristics
Creativity
#5
Which of the following best describes the process of critical thinking?
Accepting information without questioning
Evaluating information and making reasoned judgments
Ignoring evidence that contradicts one's beliefs
Memorizing facts without understanding them
#6
Which of the following statements best describes deductive reasoning?
Drawing conclusions based on evidence and observation
Starting with a general premise and drawing specific conclusions
Inferring general principles from specific observations
Considering all possible outcomes before making a decision
#7
Which of the following is a key characteristic of critical thinking?
Accepting information without questioning
Relying solely on emotions
Making decisions based on biases
Evaluating evidence and arguments
#8
Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?
All mammals are warm-blooded. A dog is a mammal. Therefore, a dog is warm-blooded.
If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it is raining.
Most birds can fly. Penguins cannot fly. Therefore, penguins are not birds.
Some students like math. John is a student. Therefore, John likes math.
#9
Which cognitive bias involves giving greater importance to the first information received when making decisions?
Confirmation bias
Anchoring bias
Availability heuristic
Hindsight bias
#10
Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?
If all the cats you have seen have been black, then all cats are black.
All reptiles lay eggs. A turtle is a reptile. Therefore, a turtle lays eggs.
All the students in your class are good at math. Therefore, all students everywhere are good at math.
Every time you eat peanuts, you get a stomach ache. Therefore, peanuts cause stomach aches.
#11
What is the term for a tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Hindsight bias
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
#12
What is the term for the phenomenon where people overestimate the importance of information that is readily available?
Confirmation bias
Hindsight bias
Availability heuristic
Anchoring bias
#13
What is the primary purpose of using logic in critical thinking?
To manipulate information
To validate preconceived notions
To identify and evaluate arguments
To ignore opposing viewpoints
#14
What is the term for the cognitive bias where individuals believe they knew an event was going to happen once the outcome is known?
Confirmation bias
Hindsight bias
Availability heuristic
Anchoring bias
#15
What is the main purpose of argument analysis in critical thinking?
To identify the strengths and weaknesses of an argument
To validate one's preconceived notions
To ignore opposing viewpoints
To manipulate information
#16
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of critical thinkers?
Open-mindedness
Impulsivity
Curiosity
Skepticism