In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
The response initially elicited by the conditioned stimulus (CS)
A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
The response that occurs naturally in the absence of any prior conditioning
The stimulus that naturally triggers a response without prior conditioning
#2
Who is the psychologist best known for his work in classical conditioning with dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#3
What is an example of a primary reinforcer?
Money
Food
Grades
Praise
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic of classical conditioning?
Voluntary behavior is reinforced or punished
Learning occurs through the association of stimuli
Behavior is shaped through successive approximations
Reinforcement is contingent upon the organism's response
#5
Who is the psychologist known for his work in operant conditioning and the development of the Skinner box?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#6
Which of the following is NOT a component of operant conditioning?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Unconditioned stimulus
#7
What term refers to the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#8
What is the term for the process of repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to weaken a conditioned response?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#9
Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?
Adding something undesirable to decrease a behavior
Removing something desirable to decrease a behavior
Adding something desirable to increase a behavior
Removing something undesirable to increase a behavior
#10
What is the term for the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus (CS) with the conditioned response (CR)?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#11
What is the process of shaping in operant conditioning?
Gradually reinforcing behaviors that approximate the desired behavior
Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response
The tendency to respond to a similar conditioned stimulus as if it were the original conditioned stimulus
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest period