#1
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
The response initially elicited by the conditioned stimulus (CS)
A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
The response that occurs naturally in the absence of any prior conditioning
The stimulus that naturally triggers a response without prior conditioning
#2
Who is the psychologist best known for his work in classical conditioning with dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#3
What is an example of a primary reinforcer?
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic of classical conditioning?
Voluntary behavior is reinforced or punished
Learning occurs through the association of stimuli
Behavior is shaped through successive approximations
Reinforcement is contingent upon the organism's response
#5
Who is the psychologist known for his work in operant conditioning and the development of the Skinner box?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#6
What is the term for learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others?
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Social learning
Instrumental conditioning
#7
Who introduced the concept of operant conditioning and coined the term?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#8
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell
A child getting allowance for doing chores
A student studying harder after receiving good grades
A driver getting a speeding ticket
#9
Which of the following is NOT a component of operant conditioning?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Unconditioned stimulus
#10
What term refers to the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#11
What is the term for the process of repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to weaken a conditioned response?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#12
Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?
Adding something undesirable to decrease a behavior
Removing something desirable to decrease a behavior
Adding something desirable to increase a behavior
Removing something undesirable to increase a behavior
#13
What is the term for the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus (CS) with the conditioned response (CR)?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#14
What is the term for the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest period?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#15
Which of the following schedules of reinforcement is characterized by reinforcement being delivered after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule
#16
Which type of reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
#17
What is the term for a process where behaviors are reinforced closer and closer to the desired behavior?
Shaping
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
#18
Which schedule of reinforcement is characterized by reinforcement being delivered after a variable number of responses?
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule
#19
What is the process by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Acquisition
#20
What is the term for the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not to others?
Generalization
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
#21
Who proposed the Law of Effect, which states that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely to occur, while behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely to occur?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
#22
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
Giving a child a toy for cleaning their room
Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew
Praising a student for getting good grades
Giving a dog a treat for sitting on command
#23
What is the term for the reappearance of a previously extinguished response after a delay in exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Generalization
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination
#24
What is the process of shaping in operant conditioning?
Gradually reinforcing behaviors that approximate the desired behavior
Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response
The tendency to respond to a similar conditioned stimulus as if it were the original conditioned stimulus
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest period