#1
Which psychologist is best known for the classical conditioning experiment involving dogs?
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
Albert Bandura
#2
What is the term for decreasing the frequency of a behavior by removing something desirable?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
#3
Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Albert Bandura
#4
Which term describes the process of learning by watching others and imitating their behaviors?
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Social learning theory
Habituation
#5
What is the term for the process of gradually exposing someone to a feared object or situation until the fear subsides?
Systematic desensitization
Flooding
Counterconditioning
Aversion therapy
#6
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus?
The response that occurs naturally
The learned response
The neutral stimulus
The stimulus that triggers the response naturally
#7
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
Adding something unpleasant to decrease a behavior
Removing something pleasant to decrease a behavior
Adding something pleasant to increase a behavior
Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior
#8
What is the term for the sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response?
Discrimination
Generalization
Spontaneous recovery
Higher-order conditioning
#9
Which type of reinforcement schedule reinforces a behavior after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
#10
Who developed the theory of operant conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
#11
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Taking away a child's toy for misbehaving
Giving a child candy for doing chores
Ignoring a child's tantrum
Giving a child extra playtime for good behavior
#12
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Scolding a child for not doing homework
Taking away chores for completing homework
Ignoring a child's tantrum
Giving a child extra playtime for good behavior
#13
In social learning theory, who proposed the concept of observational learning?
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
#14
What is the term for the process of gradually reducing the strength or frequency of a conditioned response?
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Habituation
#15
Who introduced the concept of reinforcement schedules?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Albert Bandura
#16
Who proposed the concept of higher-order conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Albert Bandura
#17
In social learning theory, what term describes the internal processes that occur when we observe a model and imitate their behavior?
Reinforcement
Observational learning
Modeling
Mimicry