#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of physical development in late adulthood?
Increased muscle mass
Improved sensory abilities
Decreased reaction time
Enhanced cardiovascular function
#2
What is Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development for the stage of integrity versus despair associated with?
Late adulthood
Early adulthood
Middle adulthood
Adolescence
#3
Which of the following is NOT considered a potential contributing factor to successful aging?
Social support
Genetic predisposition
Regular physical activity
Isolation and loneliness
#4
In late adulthood, cognitive processes such as attention and memory tend to:
Decline significantly
Remain unchanged
Improve with age
Depend on environmental factors only
#5
What is the primary hormone associated with stress that tends to decrease with age?
Cortisol
Insulin
Testosterone
Estrogen
#6
Which theory of aging suggests that cells have a limit to their reproduction and that after a certain point they cannot divide further?
Activity theory
Continuity theory
Biological clock theory
Cellular clock theory
#7
What is the term for the cognitive ability that involves knowing about knowing?
Metacognition
Fluid intelligence
Crystallized intelligence
Wisdom
#8
Which of the following best describes the 'selective optimization with compensation' model in the context of aging?
It emphasizes the importance of maintaining high levels of activity to counteract aging effects.
It focuses on selecting activities that match personal interests and abilities while compensating for losses.
It suggests that aging is primarily determined by genetic factors.
It proposes that aging is mainly influenced by environmental factors.
#9
According to research, what tends to happen to overall emotional well-being as people age?
It tends to decline steadily throughout adulthood.
It tends to remain relatively stable throughout adulthood.
It tends to increase steadily throughout adulthood.
It varies widely from person to person and is not predictable.
#10
What is the term used to describe the decrease in the maximum level of oxygen that the body can utilize during intense exercise with age?
Cardiac output decline
VO2 max decline
Muscle atrophy
Bone density loss
#11
Which of the following statements about socioemotional selectivity theory is true?
It suggests that older adults are less selective about their social networks.
It proposes that older adults prioritize future-oriented goals.
It suggests that older adults have limited emotional regulation abilities.
It proposes that older adults prioritize emotionally meaningful goals.
#12
According to research, what is a possible explanation for the phenomenon of 'terminal decline' in cognitive abilities before death?
Increased neurological plasticity
Improved cognitive reserve
Cumulative effects of health problems
Enhanced sensory perception
#13
In the context of aging, what is 'compression of morbidity'?
A theory proposing that aging leads to increased morbidity
A phenomenon where illness and disability are concentrated into a shorter period before death
A concept suggesting that morbidity can be expanded with proper medical intervention
A term describing the relationship between genetics and morbidity
#14
According to socioemotional selectivity theory, what is the primary goal of social interactions for older adults?
To acquire new knowledge and skills
To build large social networks
To maintain emotional closeness and well-being
To compete and assert dominance
#15
Which of the following cognitive abilities is typically most affected by aging?
Working memory
Verbal fluency
Perceptual speed
Semantic memory