#1
Which legislation in the United States aimed to prevent discrimination and provide equal opportunity in employment?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Affordable Care Act
Patriot Act
No Child Left Behind Act
#2
What is the main objective of affirmative action?
To discriminate against certain groups
To provide preferential treatment to minorities
To ensure equal opportunity for historically disadvantaged groups
To limit employment opportunities
#3
What is the term used to describe policies or programs that focus on removing barriers faced by historically disadvantaged groups?
Reverse discrimination
Equal opportunity
Affirmative action
Colorblind approach
#4
In the United States, which federal agency enforces laws prohibiting workplace discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?
Department of Justice
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Department of Labor
Department of Education
#5
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of affirmative action programs?
Voluntary participation
Preferential treatment based on race or gender
Quotas for hiring or admissions
Merit-based selection
#6
In the context of education, what does 'diversity' refer to?
Uniformity of ideas and backgrounds
Representation of various races, genders, and backgrounds
Exclusion of minority groups
Preference for a specific group
#7
What is the primary purpose of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in the United States?
To promote affirmative action programs
To enforce laws against workplace discrimination
To provide financial aid to minority-owned businesses
To advocate for preferential treatment in hiring
#8
Which of the following is an example of a positive outcome resulting from affirmative action programs?
Increased discrimination against minority groups
Decreased diversity in educational institutions
Improved representation of historically disadvantaged groups
Reduced opportunities for women in the workforce
#9
Which group is often the target of backlash or criticism regarding affirmative action policies?
Historically disadvantaged groups
Majority groups
Government agencies
Nonprofit organizations
#10
Which of the following is NOT a protected characteristic under equal opportunity laws in many countries?
Race
Religion
Political affiliation
Disability
#11
What is the term used to describe a policy that prohibits discrimination based on gender and ensures equal opportunities for men and women?
Affirmative action
Gender quota
Equal pay
Gender equality
#12
Which Supreme Court case upheld the use of race as a factor in college admissions to promote diversity?
Brown v. Board of Education
Grutter v. Bollinger
Plessy v. Ferguson
Roe v. Wade
#13
What is the significance of the Bakke case in the context of affirmative action?
It established the principle of merit-based admissions
It upheld the use of quotas in university admissions
It declared affirmative action programs unconstitutional
It affirmed the use of race as a factor in admissions to promote diversity
#14
What term describes policies or actions taken to address the effects of past discrimination by giving preference to historically disadvantaged groups?
Affirmative action
Colorblind approach
Reverse discrimination
Meritocracy
#15
What is the term used to describe a policy or practice that seeks to address systemic discrimination by considering the impact of policies and decisions on different groups?
Affirmative action
Intersectionality
Colorblind approach
Meritocracy
#16
In which country did the term 'positive discrimination' originate as an alternative to 'affirmative action'?
United States
United Kingdom
Canada
Australia
#17
What is the term used to describe an approach that focuses on addressing disparities in outcomes rather than equalizing opportunities?
Colorblind approach
Equity
Reverse discrimination
Meritocracy
#18
Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that quotas based on race were unconstitutional but reaffirmed the use of race as a factor in admissions?
Brown v. Board of Education
Gratz v. Bollinger
Hopwood v. Texas
Fisher v. University of Texas