#1
What is the primary function of the viral capsid?
Protection of the viral genome
Attachment to host cells
Regulation of viral gene expression
Production of viral enzymes
#2
Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing AIDS?
Influenza virus
Hepatitis B virus
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Ebola virus
#3
Which viral disease was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980?
Polio
Measles
Smallpox
Mumps
#4
What is the function of viral envelope glycoproteins?
Stabilize the viral capsid
Facilitate attachment to host cells
Initiate viral genome replication
Encode viral genetic material
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retroviruses?
Contain reverse transcriptase for RNA to DNA conversion
Infect bacteria
Replicate exclusively in the nucleus
Cause acute infections only
#6
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a retrovirus?
Integrates its genome into the host chromosome
Contains a segmented RNA genome
Replicates in the cytoplasm
Causes lytic infections only
#7
Which of the following is NOT a type of viral genome?
Double-stranded RNA
Single-stranded DNA
Triple-stranded RNA
Positive-sense RNA
#8
Which enzyme do retroviruses use to convert their RNA genome into DNA?
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
DNA ligase
Restriction enzyme
#9
Which of the following is NOT a method of viral transmission?
Direct contact
Airborne droplets
Vector-borne transmission
Photosynthesis
#10
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the lytic cycle in viral replication?
Integration of viral genome into host DNA
Gradual release of viral particles without cell lysis
Death of host cell upon viral replication
Stable relationship between virus and host
#11
What is the mode of action of interferons against viruses?
Inhibition of viral entry into host cells
Induction of host cell apoptosis
Stimulation of antiviral protein production
Enhancement of viral genome replication
#12
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the influenza virus?
Enveloped virus with a segmented RNA genome
Non-enveloped virus with a double-stranded DNA genome
Retrovirus with a single-stranded RNA genome
DNA virus with a circular genome
#13
Which viral family does the human papillomavirus (HPV) belong to?
Herpesviridae
Papovaviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
#14
Which type of viral infection involves the integration of viral DNA into the host cell's genome?
Acute infection
Chronic infection
Latent infection
Persistent infection
#15
What is the mechanism of action of antiviral drugs known as neuraminidase inhibitors?
Blocking viral entry into host cells
Inhibiting viral protein synthesis
Preventing viral genome replication
Inhibiting the release of mature virus particles from infected cells
#16
Which of the following is characteristic of a prion?
Nucleic acid-based infectious agent
Composed of a proteinaceous infectious particle
Contain both DNA and RNA
Require a host cell for replication
#17
What is the function of viral tegument proteins?
Facilitate attachment to host cells
Stabilize the viral capsid
Modulate host immune response
Replicate viral genetic material
#18
What is the name of the process by which viruses acquire a new host range?
Recombination
Reassortment
Shift
Zoonosis