#1
Which virus causes COVID-19?
HIV
Ebola virus
SARS-CoV-2
Influenza virus
#2
What is the primary mode of transmission for the influenza virus?
Contaminated water
Airborne droplets
Direct skin contact
Blood transfusion
#3
Which virus is responsible for the common cold?
Coronavirus
Rhinovirus
Influenza virus
Adenovirus
#4
Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a virus?
Hepatitis B
Tuberculosis
Measles
Rabies
#5
What is the term for a virus that specifically infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
Endovirus
Retrovirus
Pathovirus
#6
What is the genome composition of the Ebola virus?
Single-stranded DNA
Double-stranded DNA
Single-stranded RNA
Double-stranded RNA
#7
Which of the following viruses is known to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?
Hantaan virus
SARS-CoV
Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
#8
How do viruses typically enter their host cells?
Through the cell nucleus
Binding to surface receptors and entering by endocytosis or fusion
Direct injection into the cytoplasm
Through the cell mitochondria
#9
What is the main difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?
An epidemic is more severe than a pandemic
A pandemic affects animals, while an epidemic affects humans
A pandemic is global, while an epidemic is localized
There is no difference; they are synonyms
#10
What role do vectors play in viral transmission?
They provide a physical barrier against viruses
They directly kill viruses
They transmit viruses from one host to another
They are used in vaccines to boost immunity
#11
Which of the following viral diseases has been eradicated through vaccination?
Smallpox
HIV/AIDS
Influenza
Ebola
#12
What is the primary vaccine strategy used to prevent poliovirus infection?
Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)
Live attenuated poliovirus vaccine (OPV)
Recombinant poliovirus vaccine
Both IPV and OPV
#13
Which of the following best describes the term 'viral shedding'?
The process by which a virus replicates within a host cell
The release of virus particles from host cells into the environment
The destruction of viral particles by the immune system
The integration of viral DNA into the host genome
#14
Which of the following is a feature of retroviruses?
They contain double-stranded DNA
They replicate through a DNA intermediate
They do not integrate into the host genome
They are typically non-enveloped viruses
#15
Which of the following viral infections can be chronic?
Influenza
Ebola
Hepatitis B
Zika virus