#1
Which theory suggests that individuals have the innate capability to fulfill their potential and strive to achieve self-actualization?
Behavioral theory
Cognitive theory
Humanistic theory
Psychoanalytic theory
#2
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be satisfied first before higher-level needs can be addressed?
Esteem needs
Safety needs
Belongingness and love needs
Self-actualization needs
#3
Which area of psychology focuses on how people interact with and influence one another?
Developmental psychology
Social psychology
Cognitive psychology
Clinical psychology
#4
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the process of perception?
Attention
Interpretation
Memory
Selection
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of operant conditioning?
It focuses on involuntary responses to stimuli
It involves classical conditioning principles
It relies on reinforcement and punishment to modify behavior
It emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in learning
#6
What term refers to the tendency to rely on readily available information and to underweight less accessible information when making judgments?
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Anchoring bias
Confirmation bias
#7
Which of the following is a key component of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
Observational learning
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Instinctual responses
#8
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Trust versus mistrust
Identity versus role confusion
Integrity versus despair
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
#9
Which of the following is a key concept in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Social facilitation
Self-actualization
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
#10
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding how individuals perceive, experience, and interpret the world?
Behavioral perspective
Cognitive perspective
Psychodynamic perspective
Humanistic perspective
#11
What is the term used to describe the tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
Cognitive dissonance
Availability heuristic
Anchoring bias
#12
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of unconscious motives and conflicts in shaping human behavior?
Behavioral theory
Cognitive theory
Humanistic theory
Psychoanalytic theory
#13
What term refers to the tendency of individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors while blaming failures on external factors?
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution error
Confirmation bias
False consensus effect
#14
Which theory suggests that people are motivated to maintain a state of cognitive consistency and will change their attitudes or beliefs to resolve inconsistencies?
Cognitive dissonance theory
Elaboration likelihood model
Social identity theory
Self-determination theory
#15
In the context of decision-making, what does the term 'satisficing' mean?
Selecting the best alternative after evaluating all available options
Accepting a suboptimal solution that meets the minimum criteria
Using heuristics to quickly make a decision
Overestimating the likelihood of rare events
#16
What term describes the tendency of people to overestimate the impact of situational factors on others' behavior and underestimate the role of personal factors?
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution error
False consensus effect
Confirmation bias
#17
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'bounded rationality'?
The ability to make optimal decisions given limited information and cognitive resources
The tendency to rely on simple decision-making rules rather than exhaustive analysis
The inclination to make decisions based on emotions rather than logic
The belief that one's culture or group is superior to others
#18
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing conformity in social psychology?
Group size
Presence of an ally
Cultural background
Low self-esteem
#19
What term describes the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events that are more memorable or vivid?
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Anchoring bias
Representativeness heuristic
#20
In the context of group dynamics, what does the term 'groupthink' refer to?
The tendency for individuals to conform to the majority opinion to avoid conflict
The tendency for groups to make decisions without considering alternative viewpoints
The tendency for groups to become polarized and adopt more extreme positions
The tendency for individuals to overestimate their contribution to group projects
#21
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the bystander effect?
Ambiguity
Group size
Cultural norms
Personal responsibility
#22
What term describes the tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind?
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Anchoring bias
Confirmation bias
#23
In the context of group decision-making, what is 'group polarization'?
The tendency for group members to conform to the majority opinion
The tendency for groups to make riskier decisions than individuals would make alone
The tendency for groups to make more extreme decisions than any individual member would
The tendency for group members to exert less effort when working together compared to when working individually
#24
What term describes the tendency to rely on an initial piece of information to make subsequent judgments or decisions?
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Anchoring bias
Confirmation bias
#25
Which of the following factors is NOT typically considered in the rational decision-making model?
Emotions
Objectives
Alternatives
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