#1
Which stage of development occurs during infancy?
Adolescence
Middle adulthood
Early childhood
Late adulthood
#2
During which stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory do individuals typically experience the conflict of 'integrity versus despair'?
Young adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood
Adolescence
#3
Which stage of Freud's psychosexual theory occurs during the age range of 3 to 6 years and is characterized by the focus on the genitals?
Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency stage
#4
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory occurs during adolescence and involves the conflict of 'identity versus role confusion'?
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Integrity versus despair
Generativity versus stagnation
Identity versus role confusion
#5
During which stage of Freud's psychosexual theory does the Oedipus or Electra complex typically occur?
Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency stage
#6
Which of the following is a characteristic of the sensorimotor stage according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Abstract thinking
Object permanence
Forming logical arguments
Moral reasoning
#7
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary conflict during the stage of 'identity versus role confusion'?
Integrity versus despair
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Generativity versus stagnation
Identity versus role confusion
#8
What is the primary focus of the 'trust versus mistrust' stage in Erikson's psychosocial theory?
Developing autonomy
Forming intimate relationships
Establishing a sense of identity
Building basic trust in the world
#9
Which theorist is associated with the concept of 'zone of proximal development'?
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
Lawrence Kohlberg
#10
According to Vygotsky, what is the role of culture in cognitive development?
It has no significant impact on cognitive development.
It provides the basic framework for cognitive development.
It influences cognitive development through social interactions.
It determines the genetic factors that influence cognitive development.
#11
Which of the following is a criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
It underestimates the role of social interactions in development.
It overemphasizes the role of cultural influences.
It lacks empirical support.
It overemphasizes the importance of biological factors.
#12
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, at which level do individuals follow rules to avoid punishment?
Preconventional level
Conventional level
Postconventional level
Transconventional level
#13
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system involves interactions with immediate surroundings, such as family, friends, and school?
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
#14
According to Bowlby's attachment theory, what is the primary function of attachment behaviors?
To fulfill physiological needs
To facilitate social learning
To provide emotional security
To assert dominance in social groups
#15
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Esteem needs
Safety needs
Social needs
Intellectual needs
#16
Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'crisis of industry versus inferiority' during middle childhood?
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Lawrence Kohlberg
#17
According to Marcia's theory of identity statuses, what characterizes the 'identity foreclosure' status?
Exploration of various identities without commitment
Experiencing a crisis and committing to an identity
Accepting an identity without exploring other options
Experiencing a state of confusion without committing to an identity