#1
Which of the following is NOT a common type of research design in social and behavioral research?
Experimental design
Cross-sectional design
Longitudinal design
Spatial design
#2
Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable in a study investigating the effect of exercise on weight loss?
Duration of exercise
Gender of participants
Amount of weight lost
Type of exercise equipment used
#3
What is the term used to describe a systematic error in research that occurs when the sample population does not accurately represent the target population?
Random error
Selection bias
Sampling error
Measurement bias
#4
Which of the following is a common qualitative data collection method?
Surveys
Experiments
Interviews
Observational studies
#5
What is the term used to describe the process of systematically selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population for inclusion in a study?
Sampling
Recruitment
Randomization
Cohort selection
#6
What is the primary goal of informed consent in biomedical research?
To ensure participants are paid adequately
To ensure participants understand the risks and benefits of participation
To coerce participants into joining the study
To provide financial compensation to participants
#7
Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research methods?
Emphasis on statistical analysis
Utilization of closed-ended questions
Focus on understanding social phenomena through participant experiences
Large sample sizes
#8
What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?
To compare results with the experimental group
To ensure participants are treated ethically
To manipulate independent variables
To maintain confidentiality of study data
#9
What does the term 'reliability' refer to in research methodology?
The consistency or stability of measurement over time
The accuracy of measurement
The generalizability of findings to other populations
The ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships
#10
In the context of qualitative research, what does 'thematic analysis' involve?
Assigning numerical values to qualitative data
Identifying patterns and themes within qualitative data
Conducting experiments to test hypotheses
Using statistical software for data analysis
#11
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where participants in a study alter their behavior due to being observed?
Confirmation bias
Hawthorne effect
Placebo effect
Observer bias
#12
Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of minimizing harm and maximizing benefits in research involving human participants?
Autonomy
Justice
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
#13
What does the term 'external validity' refer to in research?
The extent to which study findings can be generalized to other populations
The reliability of measurement instruments
The ability to establish causal relationships
The consistency of results across different studies
#14
Which of the following is NOT an example of a research ethics violation?
Fabricating data
Ensuring participant anonymity
Plagiarizing others' work
Obtaining informed consent from participants
#15
Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of debriefing in research involving human participants?
To provide participants with monetary compensation
To inform participants about the purpose of the study after their participation
To manipulate participants' behavior during the study
To keep participants blind to the study's objectives