#1
Which component is NOT part of the syllable structure?
Onset
Nucleus
Coda
Intonation
#2
In the context of syllable structure, what is a 'closed syllable'?
A syllable that ends in a consonant
A syllable that ends in a vowel
A syllable without a nucleus
A syllable that cannot be divided further into smaller units
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a 'diphthong'?
A single vowel sound
A combination of two vowel sounds within the same syllable
A consonant sound that occurs at the end of a syllable
Two adjacent vowel sounds occurring in different syllables
#4
In phonetics, what does 'voicing' refer to?
The pitch at which a sound is produced
The duration of a sound
Whether or not the vocal cords vibrate during the production of a sound
The articulation of a sound as either a vowel or a consonant
#5
In linguistic phonetics, what distinguishes 'plosives' from other consonants?
They are produced without any vocal cord vibration
They involve a complete obstruction of the airstream in the vocal tract
They are always followed by a vowel sound in English
They can only occur at the beginning of syllables
#6
In phonology, what does the term 'minimal pair' refer to?
Two words that differ in meaning through a change in a single phonological element
A pair of syllables that share the same stress pattern
Two words that have identical vowel sounds
A pair of phonemes that can be interchanged without changing the meaning of a word
#7
What is the maximal onset principle?
A rule that the onset of a syllable should contain as many consonants as possible
A guideline that all syllables must start with a vowel
A principle stating that syllables should not have onsets
A phonological rule that maximizes the length of the coda
#8
What term describes the phenomenon when a phoneme is changed into another phoneme due to its phonological environment?
Elision
Epenthesis
Metathesis
Allophonic variation
#9
Which process involves the insertion of a phoneme into a word?
Deletion
Epenthesis
Reduplication
Substitution
#10
What does the phonological process of 'reduction' typically involve?
The lengthening of vowel sounds
The simplification of a cluster of consonants
The addition of a stress marker in a word
The transformation of a vowel into a semivowel
#11
Which of the following best describes 'assimilation' in phonology?
A process where a speech sound becomes similar to a neighboring sound
The omission of a phoneme in a word
The addition of a phoneme to the beginning of a word
A change in stress or intonation pattern within a word
#12
What is the primary function of suprasegmental features in phonology?
To distinguish between voiced and voiceless phonemes
To alter the basic meaning of words through tone, stress, or rhythm
To define the syllable structure of words
To indicate the number of vowels in a word
#13
Which term refers to the loss of a sound from the interior of a word?
Apocope
Syncope
Epenthesis
Anaptyxis
#14
What is the primary linguistic function of tone in tonal languages?
To indicate grammatical differences such as tense or case
To differentiate words based on pitch or pitch contour
To signal the emotional state of the speaker
To denote the syllable structure of words
#15
In terms of syllable structure, what is a 'complex coda'?
A coda that consists of more than one consonant
A coda followed by an epenthetic vowel
A single consonant that functions as a syllable nucleus
A coda that includes both a stop and a fricative