#1
Which of the following is an example of a qualitative research method?
Experimental design
Survey research
Case study
Correlational study
#2
What is the purpose of informed consent in psychological research?
To ensure that participants are aware of the potential risks and benefits of participation
To manipulate the independent variable
To control extraneous variables
To prevent demand characteristics
#3
What is the primary goal of descriptive statistics in research?
To test hypotheses and determine causality
To summarize and describe the basic features of data
To establish relationships between variables
To generalize findings to the population
#4
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure that all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to any experimental condition
To match participants based on certain characteristics
To manipulate the independent variable
To control extraneous variables
#5
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a cross-sectional research design?
Allows for the study of developmental changes over time
Requires less time and resources compared to longitudinal designs
Cannot establish causality
Tends to have higher attrition rates
#6
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental research design?
Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Pretest-posttest design
Factorial design
Matched pairs design
#7
Which of the following is an example of a non-probability sampling method?
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Cluster sampling
#8
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where participants change their behavior because they know they are being observed?
Hawthorne effect
Placebo effect
Confirmation bias
Demand characteristics
#9
Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?
Gender
Number of siblings
Income level
Type of car
#10
What is the term used to describe the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?
Reliability
Validity
Generalizability
Replicability
#11
In a correlational study, a correlation coefficient of -0.85 between two variables indicates:
A weak negative relationship
A strong negative relationship
No relationship between the variables
A weak positive relationship
#12
Which statistical test is appropriate for determining if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups?
Independent t-test
Chi-square test
ANOVA
Paired t-test
#13
What does statistical power represent in hypothesis testing?
The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false
The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false
The probability of making a Type I error
The probability of making a Type II error