#1
Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
Age
Gender
Test scores
Time spent studying
#2
Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulating variables?
Experimental research
Correlational research
Observational research
Case study research
#3
What is the purpose of a null hypothesis in statistical testing?
To confirm the researcher's initial assumptions
To provide an alternative explanation for the results
To serve as a baseline for comparison
To assert that there is no significant difference or relationship
#4
Which of the following is NOT a type of qualitative research design?
Case study
Experimental design
Ethnography
Phenomenology
#5
What is the purpose of random sampling in psychological research?
To ensure that all individuals have an equal chance of being selected for the study
To manipulate the independent variable
To ensure that the sample reflects the population of interest
To control for extraneous variables
#6
What is the primary purpose of a control group in psychological research?
To provide a baseline for comparison
To manipulate the independent variable
To observe the effects of the dependent variable
To ensure random assignment
#7
What does the term 'hypothesis' refer to in psychological research?
A tentative explanation for observed phenomena
A confirmed fact
A statistical analysis technique
A variable that cannot be controlled
#8
In an experiment, what is the independent variable?
The variable that is measured
The variable that is manipulated
The variable that changes in response to the independent variable
The variable that remains constant
#9
What is the purpose of informed consent in psychological research?
To ensure participants are fully aware of the study's purpose and procedures
To guarantee participation in the study
To prevent participants from withdrawing from the study
To protect researchers from legal liabilities
#10
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Randomized controlled trial
Pretest-posttest control group design
Cross-sectional study
Case-control study
#11
Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant relationship between two continuous variables?
Chi-square test
T-test
Pearson correlation coefficient
ANOVA
#12
What is the purpose of using random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure that all participants receive equal treatment
To eliminate the need for a control group
To increase the external validity of the study
To minimize the effects of confounding variables
#13
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Mean
Median
Mode
Standard deviation
#14
What is the purpose of debriefing participants after a psychological study?
To provide participants with additional compensation
To explain the study's purpose, procedures, and any deception used
To ensure participants remain blind to the study's hypotheses
To manipulate participants' beliefs about the study
#15
Which type of validity assesses the extent to which a study's findings can be generalized to other populations or settings?
Internal validity
External validity
Construct validity
Content validity