#1
Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
Test scores
ExplanationVariable influenced by changes in the independent variable.
#2
Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulating variables?
Observational research
ExplanationStudying behavior as it naturally occurs without interference.
#3
What is the purpose of a null hypothesis in statistical testing?
To assert that there is no significant difference or relationship
ExplanationServing as a baseline assumption to be tested against the alternative hypothesis.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a type of qualitative research design?
Experimental design
ExplanationFocuses on understanding behaviors and experiences, not experimental manipulation.
#5
What is the purpose of random sampling in psychological research?
To ensure that all individuals have an equal chance of being selected for the study
ExplanationEnhancing the generalizability of findings by minimizing selection bias.
#6
What is the primary purpose of a control group in psychological research?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationEstablishing a reference point to measure the effects of experimental manipulations.
#7
What does the term 'hypothesis' refer to in psychological research?
A tentative explanation for observed phenomena
ExplanationA proposed explanation to be tested through research.
#8
In an experiment, what is the independent variable?
The variable that is manipulated
ExplanationThe factor intentionally changed to observe its effect.
#9
What is the purpose of informed consent in psychological research?
To ensure participants are fully aware of the study's purpose and procedures
ExplanationRespecting participants' autonomy and rights to make informed decisions.
#10
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Pretest-posttest control group design
ExplanationLacks random assignment of participants to groups.
#11
Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant relationship between two continuous variables?
Pearson correlation coefficient
ExplanationMeasuring the strength and direction of a linear relationship between variables.
#12
What is the purpose of using random assignment in experimental research?
To minimize the effects of confounding variables
ExplanationEnsuring participants are equally distributed across experimental conditions.
#13
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Standard deviation
ExplanationMeasure of variability, not central tendency.
#14
What is the purpose of debriefing participants after a psychological study?
To explain the study's purpose, procedures, and any deception used
ExplanationProviding participants with information post-study to clarify and address concerns.
#15
Which type of validity assesses the extent to which a study's findings can be generalized to other populations or settings?
External validity
ExplanationDetermining the applicability of study findings beyond the immediate sample or context.