#1
Which psychological approach emphasizes the role of observable behaviors in behavior modification?
Cognitive-behavioral approach
Psychoanalytic approach
Humanistic approach
Behavioral approach
#2
Who is known for developing classical conditioning theory?
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
#3
Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of personal growth and self-actualization?
Cognitive-behavioral approach
Psychoanalytic approach
Humanistic approach
Biological approach
#4
What is the main focus of behavior therapy?
Exploring unconscious conflicts
Identifying irrational thoughts
Examining childhood experiences
Changing specific behaviors
#5
Which type of reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
#6
Which type of reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses?
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
#7
What is the term for the process of learning by watching others and then imitating their actions?
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
Systematic desensitization
#8
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
Adding a chore as a consequence of misbehavior
Giving praise for completing homework
Taking away a toy as a consequence of misbehavior
Ignoring a tantrum
#9
According to operant conditioning, which term refers to decreasing the likelihood of a behavior by adding an aversive stimulus?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
#10
Which of the following is a key principle of social learning theory?
Behavior is solely determined by genetics
Behavior is learned through observation and imitation
Behavior is primarily driven by unconscious conflicts
Behavior is shaped by reinforcement schedules
#11
In behavior modification, what does the term 'shaping' refer to?
Using punishment to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
Gradually reinforcing behaviors that are closer to the desired behavior
Removing reinforcement to decrease the likelihood of a behavior
Changing the environment to eliminate the occurrence of a behavior
#12
According to the ABC model of behavior, what does 'C' stand for?
Consequence
Conditioning
Cognition
Control
#13
Which technique involves gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety?
Systematic desensitization
Flooding
Cognitive restructuring
Aversion therapy
#14
Who is associated with the development of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)?
Carl Rogers
Aaron Beck
Albert Ellis
Abraham Maslow
#15
What is a limitation of behavior modification techniques?
They are only effective for children
They ignore internal mental processes
They are not based on empirical evidence
They are not applicable to real-life situations