#1
Which psychological approach emphasizes the role of observable behaviors in behavior modification?
Behavioral approach
ExplanationFocuses on observable behaviors for modifying behavior.
#2
Who is known for developing classical conditioning theory?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationPioneer of classical conditioning theory.
#3
Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of personal growth and self-actualization?
Humanistic approach
ExplanationFocuses on individual's self-fulfillment.
#4
What is the main focus of behavior therapy?
Changing specific behaviors
ExplanationTargeted at altering particular behaviors.
#5
Which type of reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed ratio
ExplanationReinforcement after a set number of responses.
#6
Which type of reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses?
Variable ratio
ExplanationReinforcement after random responses.
#7
What is the term for the process of learning by watching others and then imitating their actions?
Observational learning
ExplanationLearning by observing and imitating.
#8
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving praise for completing homework
ExplanationRewarding behavior with praise to increase occurrence.
#9
According to operant conditioning, which term refers to decreasing the likelihood of a behavior by adding an aversive stimulus?
Positive punishment
ExplanationDecreasing behavior by adding aversive consequence.
#10
Which of the following is a key principle of social learning theory?
Behavior is learned through observation and imitation
ExplanationLearning through observing and imitating.
#11
In behavior modification, what does the term 'shaping' refer to?
Gradually reinforcing behaviors that are closer to the desired behavior
ExplanationReinforcing steps toward desired behavior.
#12
According to the ABC model of behavior, what does 'C' stand for?
Consequence
ExplanationOutcome following a behavior.
#13
Which technique involves gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety?
Systematic desensitization
ExplanationStep-by-step exposure to reduce fear response.
#14
Who is associated with the development of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)?
Albert Ellis
ExplanationFounder of rational emotive behavior therapy.
#15
What is a limitation of behavior modification techniques?
They ignore internal mental processes
ExplanationFails to address internal mental dynamics.