#1
Which of the following is a primary goal of public health?
Maximizing profits
Minimizing individual healthcare costs
Preventing disease and promoting health
Providing advanced medical treatments
#2
Which of the following is an example of a modifiable risk factor for a non-communicable disease?
Genetics
Age
Physical activity
Gender
#3
What is the role of surveillance in public health?
Providing medical treatment to individuals
Collecting and analyzing data to monitor and control diseases
Developing new healthcare policies
Promoting healthy lifestyles
#4
Which public health intervention is aimed at reducing the occurrence of a specific disease through immunization?
Surveillance
Quarantine
Vaccination
Screening
#5
What is the primary purpose of health promotion programs in public health?
Providing medical treatment to individuals
Preventing disease and improving health through education and awareness
Conducting clinical trials
Analyzing healthcare policies
#6
What is the primary goal of primary prevention in public health?
Early detection and treatment of diseases
Reducing the incidence of diseases in the population
Providing specialized medical care
Conducting epidemiological research
#7
What is epidemiology?
The study of skin diseases
The study of patterns, causes, and effects of health-related states and events
The study of psychological disorders
The study of social interactions
#8
Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease?
Diabetes
Heart disease
Influenza
Arthritis
#9
In public health, what does the term 'health disparity' refer to?
Differences in healthcare quality between urban and rural areas
Unequal distribution of health outcomes among different population groups
Discrepancies in healthcare costs
Variations in healthcare policies
#10
Which statistical measure is commonly used to describe the central tendency of a dataset in epidemiology?
Standard deviation
Variance
Mean
Median
#11
Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
HIV/AIDS
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Diabetes
#12
What is the primary focus of environmental epidemiology?
Studying infectious diseases
Investigating genetic factors
Exploring the impact of environmental exposures on health
Analyzing healthcare policies
#13
What is the purpose of a case-control study in epidemiology?
To determine the prevalence of a disease in a population
To establish causation between a risk factor and a disease
To observe the natural history of a disease
To assess the effectiveness of a treatment
#14
What is herd immunity?
The immunity of a single individual
The immunity of a specific population or community
The immunity acquired through vaccination
The immunity against rare diseases
#15
What is the primary purpose of a community health needs assessment?
To identify and prioritize health issues within a population
To conduct experimental medical research
To assess individual health behaviors
To develop pharmaceutical drugs
#16
What is the main purpose of the Health Belief Model in public health behavior change?
Predicting disease outbreaks
Assessing community health needs
Understanding and promoting behavior change
Evaluating healthcare infrastructure
#17
Which type of study design is most suitable for establishing causation in epidemiological research?
Cross-sectional study
Case-control study
Randomized controlled trial
Cohort study
#18
What is the primary purpose of a systematic review in epidemiology?
To analyze individual case reports
To summarize and synthesize existing evidence on a specific research question
To conduct experimental studies
To establish causation between variables