#1
Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Insulin
Thyroxine
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Epinephrine
#2
What is the primary function of potassium in the body?
Muscle contraction
Blood clotting
Bone formation
Nerve transmission
#3
What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?
Promoting sodium excretion
Increasing water reabsorption
Inhibiting aldosterone release
Stimulating insulin secretion
#4
Which of the following is a potential complication of hypomagnesemia?
Hypertension
Cardiac arrhythmias
Muscle weakness
Respiratory alkalosis
#5
In hypermagnesemia, what clinical manifestation is likely to be observed?
Muscle weakness
Tetany
Cardiac arrhythmias
Hypertension
#6
Which of the following medications is classified as a loop diuretic?
Furosemide
Spironolactone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Amiloride
#7
In hyponatremia, there is a deficiency of which electrolyte in the body?
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Chloride
#8
Which of the following is a potential complication of hyperkalemia?
Hypertension
Cardiac arrhythmias
Respiratory alkalosis
Hypoglycemia
#9
What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?
Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme
Inhibition of aldosterone
Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule
Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone release
#10
What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the body?
Promoting water reabsorption
Increasing potassium excretion
Regulating blood pressure and fluid balance
Stimulating insulin release
#11
Which condition is characterized by excess fluid in the interstitial spaces of the body?
Edema
Dehydration
Hypovolemia
Ascites
#12
Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with muscle weakness, constipation, and ECG changes?
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypercalcemia
#13
What is the primary role of aldosterone in the body?
Promoting sodium excretion
Increasing potassium reabsorption
Stimulating insulin release
Regulating blood pressure
#14
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an excess of both sodium and water in the body?
Hypernatremia
Hypervolemia
Hypoalbuminemia
Metabolic acidosis
#15
What is the primary site of action for thiazide diuretics in the nephron?
Proximal tubule
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
Loop of Henle