#1
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Presence of a nucleus
Presence of cell wall
Absence of membrane-bound organelles
Smaller size compared to eukaryotic cells
#2
Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi?
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Photosynthetic
Eukaryotic
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of viruses?
Presence of a cell wall
Ability to replicate outside of host cells
Presence of both DNA and RNA
Require a host cell for replication
#4
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteria?
Presence of a nucleus
Prokaryotic
Ability to form spores
Can be photosynthetic
#5
Which of the following microorganisms is classified as a eukaryote?
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
#6
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of protozoa?
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Cell wall made of chitin
Can perform photosynthesis
#7
Which staining technique is commonly used to differentiate bacterial cells based on their cell wall composition?
Gram staining
Acid-fast staining
Endospore staining
Simple staining
#8
Which of the following is NOT a method of sterilization?
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Filtration
Incubation
#9
Which of the following is NOT a method used for microbial control in the laboratory?
Handwashing
UV radiation
Chemical sterilization
Incubation
#10
Which microscope is commonly used for observing the internal structure of thinly sliced specimens?
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Confocal microscope
Light microscope
#11
What is the primary purpose of a streak plate technique in microbiology?
To isolate individual colonies of microorganisms
To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria
To quantify the number of viable bacteria in a sample
To visualize bacterial morphology
#12
Which of the following is a selective medium used to isolate gram-negative bacteria?
MacConkey agar
Blood agar
Mannitol salt agar
Chocolate agar
#13
Which laboratory technique is used to separate molecules based on their size and charge?
Western blotting
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Gel electrophoresis
DNA sequencing
#14
Which of the following is NOT a step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
Denaturation
Annealing
Translation
Extension
#15
Which staining technique is commonly used to visualize bacterial flagella?
Acid-fast staining
Negative staining
Flagella staining
Endospore staining
#16
Which of the following is NOT a method used for counting bacterial cells in a sample?
Viable plate count
Turbidity measurement (OD600)
Hemocytometer counting
Gram staining
#17
Which of the following is a method used for microbial identification based on cellular fatty acid profiles?
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
FAME analysis
Flow cytometry
Southern blotting
#18
Which of the following is a method used to assess microbial growth based on metabolic activity?
Direct microscopic count
Serial dilution and viable plate count
Turbidity measurement (OD600)
Metabolic assays (e.g., resazurin)