#1
Which of the following is a source of genetic variation in populations?
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Mutation
All of the above
#2
What is the concept of a 'bottleneck' in population genetics?
A sudden increase in population size
A sudden decrease in population size
A gradual increase in population size
A gradual decrease in population size
#3
What is the primary driver of adaptive evolution?
Mutation
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Natural selection
#4
What is the founder effect, and how does it impact genetic diversity in populations?
It occurs when a small group establishes a new population, leading to reduced genetic diversity
It promotes high genetic diversity within a population
It is the result of gene flow between populations
It only affects non-coding regions of the genome
#5
What is the difference between synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations?
Synonymous mutations lead to changes in amino acid sequences
Nonsynonymous mutations do not lead to changes in amino acid sequences
Synonymous mutations do not lead to changes in amino acid sequences
Nonsynonymous mutations lead to changes in amino acid sequences
#6
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium used to study?
Population growth
Genetic variation
Genetic disorders
Gene expression
#7
Which term describes the situation where a small group of individuals establishes a new population?
Gene flow
Founder effect
Genetic drift
Mutation
#8
What is the relationship between population size and the impact of genetic drift?
Smaller populations are more affected by genetic drift
Larger populations are more affected by genetic drift
Population size has no effect on genetic drift
Genetic drift only occurs in isolated populations
#9
What is the primary difference between stabilizing selection and directional selection?
Stabilizing selection favors extreme phenotypes
Directional selection favors intermediate phenotypes
Stabilizing selection favors intermediate phenotypes
Directional selection favors extreme phenotypes
#10
Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic barrier to gene flow?
Hybrid inviability
Hybrid sterility
Geographic isolation
Behavioral differences
#11
What does the term 'selective sweep' refer to in population genetics?
Widespread elimination of undesirable traits
Widespread increase in frequency of advantageous alleles
Random genetic mutations
Balancing selection
#12
What is the role of recombination in generating genetic diversity?
It introduces new mutations
It shuffles existing alleles between homologous chromosomes
It causes gene duplication
It regulates gene expression
#13
What is the role of genetic recombination in evolution?
To reduce genetic variation
To increase genetic variation
To eliminate mutations
To cause genetic disorders
#14
Which evolutionary force is most likely to reduce genetic diversity in a population?
Gene flow
Mutation
Genetic drift
Natural selection
#15
What is the significance of the neutral theory of molecular evolution?
It emphasizes the role of natural selection in evolution
It proposes that most molecular changes are selectively neutral and evolve by genetic drift
It suggests that only beneficial mutations contribute to evolution
It focuses on the importance of mutations in stabilizing selection