#1
In criminal law, 'actus reus' refers to:
Criminal intent
The guilty act or wrongful deed
Presumption of innocence
Proof beyond a reasonable doubt
#2
In contract law, what is the term for a party's failure to fulfill their obligations under a contract without a lawful excuse?
Breach of contract
Remedy
Consideration
Novation
#3
In criminal law, what does 'mens rea' refer to?
The guilty act or wrongful deed
The mental state or intent to commit a crime
The standard of proof required in criminal cases
The legal doctrine of proximate cause
#4
In contract law, what is 'consideration'?
The mental capacity of the parties entering into the contract
The price or value exchanged for the promise or performance
The legality of the subject matter of the contract
The willingness of the parties to enter into the contract
#5
What is 'quid pro quo'?
An agreement made without valid consideration
A type of negligence that arises from a contractual relationship
Something given or received for something else
The legal principle of 'equal footing' in contract negotiations
#6
Which legal principle states that a person is responsible for the consequences of their actions or omissions if they fail to act as a reasonable person would under similar circumstances?
Res ipsa loquitur
Actus reus
Negligence
Strict liability
#7
In tort law, what does 'strict liability' refer to?
Liability without fault, typically for ultra-hazardous activities
Liability based on intentional wrongdoing
Liability for negligence
Liability based on vicarious liability
#8
What does 'respondeat superior' refer to in legal terms?
The duty of care owed by professionals to their clients
The legal doctrine holding employers responsible for the wrongful acts of their employees
The responsibility of property owners to maintain safe premises
The legal principle of strict liability
#9
Which of the following is NOT a requirement to establish negligence in tort law?
Duty of care
Breach of duty
Causation
Intention to harm
#10
What is 'attractive nuisance' in premises liability law?
A doctrine stating that landowners must take reasonable steps to protect trespassers
A condition on the property that may attract children and pose a danger to them
A type of easement allowing public access to private land
A defense against negligence claims involving inherently dangerous activities
#11
What is 'contributory negligence' in tort law?
A doctrine stating that a plaintiff's own negligence does not bar recovery
A defense claiming that the plaintiff's actions contributed to their own injury
A principle holding manufacturers liable for defective products
A standard of proof required in criminal cases
#12
Which legal doctrine allows a court to infer negligence from the very nature of an accident or injury, without direct evidence of how any defendant behaved?
Res ipsa loquitur
Vicarious liability
Assumption of risk
Doctrine of proximate cause
#13
What is 'proximate cause' in tort law?
The immediate cause of an accident or injury
The final outcome of a chain of events
The legal cause that sets in motion a sequence of events leading to an injury
The remote cause of an injury
#14
What is the 'eggshell skull rule' in tort law?
A rule stating that the victim's fragile skull is not a defense for the defendant in a negligence case
A rule stating that the defendant is liable for all damages caused, regardless of the victim's pre-existing conditions
A rule stating that the defendant is liable only for the damages directly caused by their actions
A rule stating that the victim's mental state at the time of the incident determines liability
#15
What is the primary purpose of punitive damages in civil cases?
To compensate the plaintiff for their losses
To punish the defendant for egregious conduct
To deter similar conduct in the future
To cover the plaintiff's attorney fees
#16
What does 'sovereign immunity' refer to?
The principle that the government cannot be sued without its consent
The immunity granted to diplomats in foreign countries
The protection against self-incrimination in criminal cases
The immunity granted to police officers in the line of duty
#17
What is 'negligence per se'?
Negligence that results in severe harm
Negligence that violates a statute or regulation
Negligence that is unintentional
Negligence that is excused due to unavoidable circumstances