#1
Which laboratory technique is commonly used for separating macromolecules based on size?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Gel Electrophoresis
Mass Spectrometry
Western Blotting
#2
What is the primary purpose of SDS-PAGE in macromolecule analysis?
Separation based on charge
Separation based on size
Quantification of nucleic acids
Structural determination
#3
Which type of spectroscopy is often used to study the secondary structure of proteins?
Infrared Spectroscopy
UV-Visible Spectroscopy
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
#4
Which technique is commonly used for separating and analyzing nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA?
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Northern Blotting
X-ray Crystallography
#5
Which technique is commonly used for separating and analyzing proteins based on their isoelectric point?
Ion Exchange Chromatography
Size-Exclusion Chromatography
Reverse-Phase Chromatography
Isoelectric Focusing
#6
What is the main principle behind the technique of chromatography?
Separation based on charge
Separation based on size
Separation based on affinity
Separation based on temperature
#7
Which method is suitable for determining the concentration of proteins in a sample?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
X-ray Crystallography
#8
Which macromolecule is typically analyzed using the Bradford assay?
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates
#9
In gel electrophoresis, which direction do negatively charged macromolecules migrate?
Toward the cathode
Toward the anode
No migration occurs
Random direction
#10
What is the primary role of a buffer solution in electrophoresis?
Enhance sample binding
Maintain constant pH
Accelerate migration
Prevent sample degradation
#11
In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), what does the chemical shift indicate?
Size of the molecule
Spin-spin coupling
Magnetic field strength
Chemical environment of nuclei
#12
Which technique is commonly used for determining the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules?
Mass Spectrometry
Gel Electrophoresis
X-ray Crystallography
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
#13
What does MALDI-TOF stand for in mass spectrometry?
Magnetic Atomic Laser Detection Ion Time-of-Flight
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight
Massive Atomic Laser Detection Ionization Time-of-Focus
Molecular Atomic Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Focus
#14
Which technique is commonly used for DNA sequencing?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Western Blotting
Sanger Sequencing
Mass Spectrometry
#15
What is the main advantage of capillary electrophoresis over traditional gel electrophoresis?
Higher resolution and faster separation
Lower cost
Simpler setup
Compatible with larger sample volumes