Foundational Concepts in Counseling and Psychology Quiz

Test your knowledge on psychotherapy with questions covering major theorists, therapeutic approaches, and key concepts in counseling and psychology.

#1

Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Abraham Maslow
#2

Which counseling approach focuses on the client's self-actualization and personal growth?

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Humanistic Therapy
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Existential Therapy
#3

Which theorist is associated with the concept of classical conditioning?

B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Ivan Pavlov
Erik Erikson
#4

In Freudian theory, what is the term for the unconscious strategies used to protect oneself from anxiety?

Defense mechanisms
Ego strength
Sublimation
Reaction formation
#5

Which of the following is a key concept in Albert Bandura's social learning theory?

Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualization
Vicarious reinforcement
Fixation
#6

What is the term for a research method that involves studying one individual or a small group in depth over an extended period?

Survey
Case study
Experiment
Correlational study
#7

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation and pleasure?

Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
Glutamate
#8

Who developed the theory of operant conditioning, which focuses on how behavior is influenced by its consequences?

B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
Erik Erikson
#9

Which theorist is associated with the concept of the zone of proximal development, which refers to the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other?

Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
Lawrence Kohlberg
#10

What is the term for a psychological defense mechanism characterized by attributing one's own unacceptable feelings or impulses to another person?

Projection
Sublimation
Reaction formation
Rationalization
#11

What is the primary goal of behavior therapy?

To explore unconscious conflicts
To identify irrational thoughts
To change maladaptive behaviors
To improve self-esteem
#12

Which of the following is NOT one of Carl Rogers' core conditions for therapeutic change?

Unconditional positive regard
Empathy
Congruence
Interpretation
#13

Which of the following is NOT a category of psychological disorders in the DSM-5?

Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders
Existential disorders
Personality disorders
#14

Who developed the theory of multiple intelligences, which suggests that intelligence is not unitary but consists of distinct abilities?

Howard Gardner
Alfred Binet
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
#15

Who proposed the concept of the collective unconscious, which contains inherited experiences shared by all humans?

Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Carl Jung
Karen Horney
#16

Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping personality?

Behavioral perspective
Cognitive perspective
Humanistic perspective
Psychoanalytic perspective
#17

Which type of therapy focuses on changing irrational beliefs to alleviate emotional distress?

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Humanistic Therapy
Psychodynamic Therapy
Existential Therapy
#18

Who is known for his hierarchy of needs, which suggests that individuals are motivated to fulfill basic needs before progressing to higher-level needs?

Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
#19

Which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of grief proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

Denial
Acceptance
Bargaining
Repression
#20

Who developed the concept of the self-schema, which refers to a cognitive structure that organizes information about the self?

Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
George Kelly
Hermann Ebbinghaus
#21

According to Erik Erikson, what is the major developmental task of adolescence?

Trust vs. Mistrust
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Integrity vs. Despair
#22

What is the term for the phenomenon where people tend to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than those in the middle?

Recency effect
Primacy effect
Serial position effect
Spacing effect
#23

What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others?

Projection
Reaction formation
Displacement
Introjection
#24

What is the term for the phenomenon where people tend to conform to group norms, even if those norms contradict their own beliefs?

Groupthink
Social loafing
Deindividuation
Normative influence
#25

Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of environmental influences on behavior and the importance of studying observable behaviors?

Humanistic perspective
Cognitive perspective
Behavioral perspective
Biopsychosocial perspective

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