#1
What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?
To provide a comparison for the experimental group
To manipulate the independent variable
To ensure random assignment of subjects
To eliminate confounding variables
#2
What is a single-subject design in applied behavior analysis?
A design that involves only one independent variable
A design that involves a large number of subjects
A design that uses a control group
A design that cannot be used in behavioral research
#3
What is the purpose of a baseline in single-subject research?
To establish a stable level of the dependent variable before introducing a treatment
To serve as a control group
To eliminate extraneous variables
To randomize the assignment of subjects
#4
What is the purpose of a manipulation check in experimental research?
To ensure the reliability of the measurement instruments
To assess the effectiveness of the independent variable manipulation
To control for extraneous variables
To determine the statistical significance of the results
#5
What is the purpose of a pilot study in experimental research?
To manipulate the independent variable
To collect data from the full sample
To test the feasibility and refine the research procedures
To conduct a replication study
#6
What is a within-subjects design in applied behavior analysis?
A design that involves comparing different groups of subjects
A design that involves comparing the same group of subjects under different conditions
A design that involves random assignment of subjects to different groups
A design that focuses on individual differences between subjects
#7
In a reversal design, what is the primary characteristic?
Sequential introduction of multiple treatments
Random assignment of subjects to conditions
Systematic withdrawal and reintroduction of a treatment
Cross-sectional analysis of behavior
#8
In a counterbalanced design, what is the main goal?
To eliminate the need for random assignment
To balance the order of conditions across subjects
To use a control group for comparison
To manipulate the independent variable
#9
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
A variable that is intentionally manipulated by the researcher
A variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables
A variable that is always controlled in experiments
A variable that is irrelevant to the study
#10
What is the purpose of a control variable in experimental research?
To manipulate the independent variable
To ensure random assignment of subjects
To eliminate confounding variables
To serve as the dependent variable
#11
In a multiple baseline design, what is unique about the timing of the introduction of the treatment across different baselines?
Treatment is introduced simultaneously across all baselines
Treatment is introduced at random intervals
Treatment is introduced sequentially across different baselines
There is no specific timing requirement in multiple baseline designs
#12
What is a factorial design in experimental research?
A design that involves manipulating two or more independent variables simultaneously
A design that focuses on a single independent variable
A design that uses only one dependent variable
A design that excludes control groups
#13
What is the difference between a parametric and nonparametric design in statistics?
Parametric designs assume normal distribution, while nonparametric designs do not make this assumption
Parametric designs use fewer variables than nonparametric designs
Nonparametric designs are more common in applied behavior analysis
Parametric designs always involve within-subjects factors
#14
What is a Solomon four-group design?
A design that involves four independent variables
A design that uses four different control groups
A design that combines a pretest-posttest control group design with a posttest-only control group design
A design that eliminates the need for control groups
#15
In a crossover design, what is a key characteristic?
Subjects are crossed over to different conditions in a random order
Subjects are only exposed to one condition
There is no control group
Crossover designs are not used in experimental research