#1
At what age do children typically begin to exhibit symbolic thinking?
6 months
1 year
2 years
3 years
#2
What is the term used to describe the process by which existing schemas are modified or new schemas are created to incorporate new information?
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration
Adaptation
#3
Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'zone of proximal development'?
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Lawrence Kohlberg
Erik Erikson
#4
What is the term for the mental representation of objects, events, and relationships?
Schema
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration
#5
Which of the following is NOT one of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Logical operational stage
Formal operational stage
#6
Who coined the term 'scaffolding' in the context of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Lawrence Kohlberg
Erik Erikson
#7
According to Piaget's theory, in which stage do children develop object permanence?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
#8
What is meant by the term 'egocentrism' in the context of cognitive development?
Inability to understand the perspectives of others
Ability to understand complex social situations
Ability to see things from multiple viewpoints
Understanding of abstract concepts
#9
Which cognitive theorist emphasized the importance of social interaction in cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
Lawrence Kohlberg
Erik Erikson
#10
Which of the following is an example of a primary circular reaction, according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
A baby shaking a rattle to hear the sound it makes
A toddler imitating the actions of their parent
A child hiding a toy and then searching for it
A child understanding that an object continues to exist even when it's out of sight
#11
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The stage when children develop object permanence
The level of cognitive development that a child can achieve independently
The range of tasks that a child can perform with assistance
The stage when children develop logical thinking
#12
What is the term for the tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others?
Centration
Decentering
Reversibility
Conservation
#13
What is a key feature of the formal operational stage, according to Piaget?
Ability to think logically about abstract concepts
Ability to understand conservation
Development of object permanence
Understanding of symbolic thought
#14
What is the term for the process of returning to a previous stage of development and viewing it with new abilities or understandings?
Equilibration
Accommodation
Assimilation
Schema
#15
Which of the following is a criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Underestimation of children's cognitive abilities
Overemphasis on social interactions
Lack of consideration for cultural differences
Overemphasis on biological factors
#16
What is the term for the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present?
Scaffolding
Object permanence
Symbolic representation
Centration