#1
Which cognitive bias refers to the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered?
Confirmation bias
Anchoring bias
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
#2
What is the primary goal of experimental research methodology?
To describe behavior
To predict behavior
To determine causality
To generate hypotheses
#3
Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in its natural environment without interference or manipulation?
Survey research
Experimental research
Correlational research
Naturalistic observation
#4
Which research method involves the systematic study of naturally occurring relationships among variables?
Survey research
Experimental research
Correlational research
Longitudinal research
#5
What is the term for the tendency to focus on information that confirms existing beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Anchoring bias
Representativeness heuristic
#6
In experimental research, what is the term for the variable that is manipulated by the researcher?
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Control variable
Extraneous variable
#7
Which cognitive bias involves the tendency to search for, interpret, or prioritize information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions?
Availability heuristic
Confirmation bias
Representativeness heuristic
Hindsight bias
#8
In research, what is the purpose of random assignment?
To ensure that the sample is representative of the population
To reduce the impact of confounding variables
To eliminate selection bias
To establish causality
#9
Which cognitive bias involves the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors and our own behavior to external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Actor-observer bias
Confirmation bias
#10
In experimental research, what is the purpose of a control group?
To provide a baseline for comparison
To ensure that participants are unaware of the experimental conditions
To ensure that the researcher's bias does not influence the results
To increase the generalizability of the findings
#11
Which cognitive bias involves the tendency to perceive oneself as better than average?
Illusory superiority
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Framing effect
#12
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals conform to group norms despite disagreeing with them?
Groupthink
Social loafing
Conformity
Obedience
#13
Which cognitive bias involves the tendency to overestimate one's ability to predict future events?
Overconfidence bias
Confirmation bias
Anchoring bias
Framing effect