#1
Which cognitive bias refers to the tendency to rely heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?
Confirmation bias
Anchoring bias
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
#2
In decision-making, what does the availability heuristic primarily rely on?
The most recent information available
The most easily recalled information
The least emotionally charged information
The most complex information
#3
Which cognitive bias refers to the tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, while ignoring or dismissing contradictory evidence?
Confirmation bias
Anchoring bias
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
#4
Which cognitive bias leads people to overestimate the likelihood of rare events based on vivid or memorable examples?
Availability heuristic
Base rate fallacy
Confirmation bias
Representativeness heuristic
#5
What is the primary characteristic of the representativeness heuristic?
Relying on recent information
Ignoring base rate information
Judging likelihood based on similarity to prototypes
Overestimating the frequency of events
#6
Which cognitive bias occurs when individuals believe they are less likely to experience negative events compared to others?
Optimism bias
Hindsight bias
Negativity bias
Overconfidence bias
#7
What does the framing effect in decision-making refer to?
The tendency to rely heavily on the first piece of information encountered
The influence of the way information is presented on decision outcomes
The overestimation of the likelihood of rare events based on vivid examples
The tendency to favor information that confirms preexisting beliefs
#8
Which cognitive bias involves placing undue importance on recent information and neglecting historical data?
Recency bias
Confirmation bias
Hindsight bias
Anchoring bias
#9
What is the primary characteristic of the sunk cost fallacy?
Rational decision-making based on future benefits
Ignoring the influence of prior investments on current decisions
Overvaluing past investments and letting them influence future decisions
Utilizing historical data to make informed decisions
#10
Which cognitive bias involves favoring information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, while ignoring or dismissing contradictory evidence?
Availability heuristic
Confirmation bias
Anchoring bias
Overconfidence bias
#11
Which heuristic involves making decisions based on the ease with which examples come to mind?
Anchoring heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Availability heuristic
Framing heuristic
#12
What is the base rate fallacy?
The tendency to ignore base rate information and focus on specific case information
The tendency to make decisions based on the ease with which examples come to mind
The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of rare events based on vivid examples
The influence of the way information is presented on decision outcomes
#13
Which cognitive bias involves attributing success to internal factors while attributing failure to external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Hindsight bias
Negativity bias
#14
Which heuristic involves making decisions based on the tendency to rely on the first piece of information encountered?
Anchoring heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Availability heuristic
Framing heuristic
#15
What is the primary function of the hindsight bias?
To ignore base rate information
To overestimate the likelihood of rare events based on vivid examples
To attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors
To perceive past events as more predictable than they actually were
#16
Which cognitive bias involves the tendency to judge events as more likely if they are more easily recalled?
Framing effect
Recency bias
Sunk cost fallacy
Availability heuristic