#1
What is the normal range for mean arterial pressure (MAP) in adults?
60-80 mmHg
90-120 mmHg
40-60 mmHg
120-140 mmHg
#2
Which parameter is commonly used to assess the systolic function of the heart?
Pulmonary artery pressure
Ejection fraction
Cardiac output
Central venous pressure
#3
Which imaging modality is commonly used to assess cardiac structure and function?
Computed tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Ultrasound (echocardiography)
X-ray
#4
Which cardiac enzyme is commonly measured to assess myocardial infarction?
Troponin
Creatine kinase (CK)
Myoglobin
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
#5
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
Hypertension
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking
#6
During cardiac auscultation, the 'S1' heart sound is associated with which event?
Closure of the aortic valve
Closure of the mitral valve
Opening of the pulmonary valve
Opening of the tricuspid valve
#7
Which medication class is commonly used for reducing blood pressure by blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
Beta-blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Diuretics
#8
In the context of cardiovascular assessment, what does the term 'preload' refer to?
Pressure in the left ventricle after contraction
Tension in the myocardium at the end of diastole
Pressure in the aorta during systole
Volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
#9
What is the primary function of the Frank-Starling mechanism in the cardiovascular system?
Regulation of heart rate
Control of blood pressure
Adjustment of cardiac output based on venous return
Maintenance of arterial compliance
#10
What is the primary purpose of the 6-minute walk test in assessing cardiovascular function?
Evaluate exercise-induced asthma
Assess pulmonary function
Estimate functional exercise capacity
Determine maximal oxygen consumption
#11
In the context of cardiovascular assessment, what does the term 'afterload' refer to?
Force needed to eject blood from the ventricle
Pressure in the aorta during systole
Volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
Tension in the myocardium at the end of diastole
#12
What is the primary role of natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular physiology?
Vasoconstriction
Fluid retention
Vasodilation and natriuresis
Platelet aggregation
#13
Which of the following is a potential complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) involving the ventricular septum?
Pulmonary embolism
Ventricular septal rupture
Aortic dissection
Pericarditis