#1
Which of the following is a common cardiovascular disease?
Diabetes mellitus
Osteoarthritis
Hypertension
Asthma
#2
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
High cholesterol levels
Regular exercise
Smoking
Obesity
#3
What is the primary function of the endothelium in the cardiovascular system?
Contraction of blood vessels
Transport of oxygen in the blood
Formation of blood cells
Regulation of blood flow and vessel tone
#4
Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
Smoking
Obesity
Age
Physical inactivity
#5
Which of the following is a symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Leg pain while walking
Headache
#6
What is the primary function of diagnostic biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases?
To treat the disease
To identify the disease
To prevent the disease
To monitor the disease progression
#7
Which of the following biomarkers is commonly used for diagnosing myocardial infarction?
Troponin
Creatinine
Albumin
Hemoglobin
#8
What is the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in cardiovascular disease diagnosis?
It indicates the presence of heart disease
It is a marker for kidney function
It measures blood glucose levels
It indicates inflammation and risk of heart attack
#9
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a stroke?
Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg
Severe headache
Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
Blurred vision
#10
Which of the following statements about HDL cholesterol is true?
It is known as 'bad' cholesterol
It carries cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver
High levels are associated with increased risk of heart disease
Low levels are desirable for cardiovascular health
#11
Which of the following is a non-invasive diagnostic test for assessing coronary artery disease?
Coronary angiography
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Cardiac catheterization
Positron emission tomography (PET)
#12
What is the significance of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in cardiovascular diseases?
It indicates low risk of heart failure
It is a marker for inflammation
It is a marker for cardiac stress and heart failure
It indicates high risk of myocardial infarction
#13
Which imaging technique is commonly used to assess cardiovascular structures and functions?
Computed tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
X-ray
Ultrasound
#14
What does the term 'atherosclerosis' refer to in cardiovascular diseases?
Heart valve disorder
Hardening and narrowing of the arteries
Irregular heart rhythm
Blood clot formation
#15
Which of the following medications is commonly used to manage hypertension?
Insulin
Statins
Beta-blockers
Antibiotics
#16
What is the primary mechanism of action of aspirin in preventing cardiovascular events?
Dilating blood vessels
Inhibiting platelet aggregation
Lowering blood pressure
Stimulating blood clot formation
#17
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm?
Atherosclerosis
Arrhythmia
Ischemia
Cardiomyopathy