#1
Which of the following is a common cardiovascular disease?
Hypertension
ExplanationHigh blood pressure affecting the arteries.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
Regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise lowers risk, not a risk factor.
#3
What is the primary function of the endothelium in the cardiovascular system?
Regulation of blood flow and vessel tone
ExplanationControls blood flow and vessel relaxation.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
Age
ExplanationAge is a non-modifiable risk factor.
#5
Which of the following is a symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Leg pain while walking
ExplanationPain in legs during physical activity.
#6
What is the primary function of diagnostic biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases?
To identify the disease
ExplanationIndicates presence of the disease for diagnosis.
#7
Which of the following biomarkers is commonly used for diagnosing myocardial infarction?
Troponin
ExplanationIndicates heart muscle damage, crucial in heart attack diagnosis.
#8
What is the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in cardiovascular disease diagnosis?
It indicates inflammation and risk of heart attack
ExplanationHigh levels signal inflammation and heart attack risk.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a stroke?
Severe headache
ExplanationAlthough possible, not a primary symptom.
#10
Which of the following statements about HDL cholesterol is true?
It carries cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver
ExplanationTransports cholesterol for removal from arteries.
#11
Which of the following is a non-invasive diagnostic test for assessing coronary artery disease?
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
ExplanationRecords heart's electrical activity for diagnosis.
#12
What is the significance of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in cardiovascular diseases?
It is a marker for cardiac stress and heart failure
ExplanationIndicates heart failure and stress on the heart muscle.
#13
Which imaging technique is commonly used to assess cardiovascular structures and functions?
Ultrasound
ExplanationNon-invasive imaging providing real-time images.
#14
What does the term 'atherosclerosis' refer to in cardiovascular diseases?
Hardening and narrowing of the arteries
ExplanationBuildup of plaque causing artery narrowing.
#15
Which of the following medications is commonly used to manage hypertension?
Beta-blockers
ExplanationBlocks adrenaline, lowering blood pressure.
#16
What is the primary mechanism of action of aspirin in preventing cardiovascular events?
Inhibiting platelet aggregation
ExplanationPrevents blood clots by inhibiting platelets.
#17
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm?
Arrhythmia
ExplanationIrregular heart rhythm, affecting heart's pumping.